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Key Terms

Explore from William the Conqueror to Magna Carta, including Common Law, Estates-General, and Capetian Dynasty in England and France.

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Key Terms

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  1. Key Terms • William the Conqueror • Henry I • Common law • Magna Carta • Parliament • Hugh Capet • Phillip II • Estates-General

  2. England Absorbs Waves of Invaders • 800’s Britain was attacked and invaded by the Vikings • Special prayer was created for protection“God, deliver us from the fury of the Northmen” • Alfred the Great turns the Vikings back • He unites England under one rule • Calls England the land of Angels

  3. England Absorbs Wave of Invaders • 1016 Danish King Canute conquered England • He Molded Anglo Saxons into Viking people • 1042 King Edward the Confessor took the throne • 1066 died without an heir, causing a struggle for the Thrown

  4. Norman Conquest • William Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror) • Norman- descendant of Vikings spoke French • Invaded England and claimed the crown • Fought and won the Battle of Hastings

  5. Norman Conquest • Harold Godwinson was rival to William • Battled each other in The Battle of Hastings 1066 • Harold was shot in eye by an arrow • William claimed England and kept1/5 of England for himself • Lords who supported him received land grants • Unified the country, and laid foundation for centralized Government in England

  6. England’s Evolving Government • English wanted two goals • Hold and add to French lands • Strengthen own power over church and nobles • William’s ancestors owned land in France and England • Henry II added to land by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine (French)

  7. England’s Evolving Government • The marriage gave Henry a large territory in France • He Inherited William the Conquerors land • Also a vassal to a French King

  8. Juries and Common Law • Henry strengthened royal court by sending Royal judges to all of England at least once a year • The Royal Judges Collected taxes, settled lawsuits, punished crimes • He also introduced the Jury to English Courts • Jury-usually 12 neighbors of the accused

  9. Juries and Common Law • Juries would answer questions about the case • Trial- popular means to settle a dispute • Only king’s court could conduct them • Common law-case by case rulings formed unified body of law

  10. Magna Carta • Henry dies • Richard the Lionhearted takes over, but dies in the Crusades • John (Richards younger brother) became king • Not a good military leader • Lost lands in France • Cruel to his subjects • Highest taxes • Threatened to revoke charters

  11. Magna Carta • Nobles revolt in 1215 • John forced to sign Magna Carta (Great Charter) • Drawn up by nobles • Certain political rights • Safeguarded feudal rights • Limit the king’s power

  12. Magna Carta • Citizens argued it applied to all classes • No taxation without representation • Jury trial • Protection of the law • Basic legal rights now in England and the United States

  13. Model Parliament • Edward I needed to raise taxes for a war with France • Two burgesses from every borough, two knights from every county, to serve on Parliament • Similar to Senate and House of Representatives today • Parliament: Legislative body of lords and commoners

  14. The Model Parliament • 1300-1400 Parliament when King wanted a new tax • Two groups formed • House of Commons • House of Lords • Parliament helped to weaken the great lords • In time Parliament became strong and provided a check on Royal Power

  15. Capetian Dynasty Rules France • After Charlemagne’s empire broke up, Counts and dukes ruled land independently • France had 47 feudal territories • Hugh Capet-began the Capetian Dynasty that ruled from 987-1328

  16. France Becomes a Separate Kingdom • Power of King spread from Paris • Royal power would unite France

  17. Philip II Expands Power • One of the most powerful Capetians was Philip II • Philip II • Watched father lose land to Henry II • Became king at 15 • Phillip had little success against Henry II or Richard the Lionhearted • John becomes king

  18. Philip II Expands His Power • Phillip gets the name Augustus • Greatly increase France’s territory (3 X larger) • Seized Normandy from King John in 1204 • Phillip had tripled his lands

  19. Phillip II Expands His Power • French King more powerful than any other vassal • Wanted more land and wanted stronger central government • Bailiffs- royal officials who presided over the king’s court and collected taxes

  20. Phillip II’s Heirs • Louis IX • Phillip’s grandson • During Reign, central government became stronger • Known as ideal king • Became a Saint in Catholic Church • Created French Appeals Court which Could overturn local courts (Federal Court System)

  21. Phillip II’s Heirs • Phillip IV ruled from 1285-1314 • Had quarrels with the pope • Philip Wanted priests to pay taxes in the Kingdom • Disputed right of pope to control church affairs in his kingdom

  22. Phillip II’s Heirs • Usually called lords and bishops for support when he wanted something to be passed in his Kingdom • To win support against the pope called a meeting included commoners

  23. Estates General • Church leaders were know as the First Estate • Great lords- Second Estate • Commoners, wealthy landholders, merchants became the Third Estate • The whole meeting was called the Estates General

  24. Estates General • Estates General Increased royal power against nobility • Estates General never became independent • Third Estate would play a key role in the French Revolution

  25. Beginnings of Democracy • England and France both started the Democratic Process • Central government • Govern widespread lands • Creation of common law courts was the first step • Including commoners in decision making was essential for Democracy • Start of democratic rule

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