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The Uniqueness of Carbon: Foundation of Life

Explore the unique qualities of carbon and its role as the foundation of all living organisms. Learn about the formation of covalent bonds and the versatility of carbon molecules in the formation of macromolecules like carbohydrates and lipids.

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The Uniqueness of Carbon: Foundation of Life

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  1. Section 3A – Macromolecules(Carbohydrates and Lipids) Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon

  2. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of all living organisms

  3. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Objectives: Identify / describe unique qualities of carbon Identify elements found in organic molecules and the number of bonds each can form Explain the difference between single, double, and triple covalent bonds

  4. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon What comes to mind when you hear the word “organic”?

  5. Review Carbon Organic compounds contain C and H, often with other elements: N, O, P, S

  6. Review Carbon Inorganic compounds do not contain C and H together

  7. Review Carbon Organic (O) or Inorganic (I)

  8. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon When atoms share electrons, they form covalent bonds

  9. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Covalent bonds may be single, double, or triple

  10. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon In single bonds, one pair of electrons is shared Hydrogen molecule, H2

  11. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon In double bonds, two pairs of electrons are shared Oxygen molecule, O2

  12. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon In triple bonds, three pairs of electrons are shared Nitrogen molecule, N2

  13. Determine the types of covalent bonds in the molecules below. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon

  14. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Elements differ in the number of bonds they can form

  15. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Rule of thumb: To determine the number of bonds an atom will make, examine its valence shell. The number of electrons needed to fill the valence shell is equal to the number of bonds the atom will make.

  16. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Using your periodic table, identify how many bonds are formed by atoms commonly found in organic molecules.

  17. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Draw an atom of carbon. How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

  18. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon One carbon atom will always form 4 covalent bonds that connect to other carbon atoms or atoms of other elements.

  19. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon CH4: Draw a carbon atom joined by 4 covalently bonded hydrogen atoms

  20. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon C2H6: Draw 2 carbon atoms joined by a single covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to complete the molecule

  21. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon C2 H4: Draw two carbon atoms joined by a double covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to complete the molecule

  22. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon C2 H2: Draw two carbon atoms joined by a triple covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to complete the molecule

  23. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Carbon-carbon bonds can form long chains or rings

  24. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Propane (C3H8)

  25. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Propane (C3H8) to diesel (C16H34)

  26. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Propane (C3H8) to diesel (C16H34) and beyond…

  27. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Cyclohexane

  28. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon CyclohexaneTaxol

  29. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Millions of combinations; no other element comes close to carbon’s versatility

  30. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Carbon molecules can be written in shorthand. Bonds to “nothing” are understood to be to H.

  31. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Write the shorthand form of each molecule beneath its structure.

  32. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Write the shorthand form of each molecule beside its structure.

  33. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Carbon’s unique structure allows the formation of macromolecules

  34. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Carbon’s unique structure allows the formation of macromolecules “macro” means large “molecules” indicates atoms that are covalently bonded

  35. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Carbon Macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

  36. Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon Additional Readings Read pg 45

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