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Treaty of Versailles Aftermath: Wilson's Plan for Peace in Europe

This text provides an overview of President Wilson's plan for peace in Europe after World War I and the challenges he faced in getting European leaders to agree. It discusses the 14 Points, the League of Nations, the politics surrounding the treaty, and the punishment and reparations imposed on Germany. The text also explores the failure of the League of Nations and the long-term consequences of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Treaty of Versailles Aftermath: Wilson's Plan for Peace in Europe

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  1. Chapter 25 Treaty of Versailles

  2. Aftermath • Right after WWI ended, President Wilson travelled to France to begin work on the peace treaty. • Although he had some ideas about it, he had no idea how difficult it would be to get the leaders of Europe to agree.

  3. 14 Points • 14 Points: Wilson’s blueprint for peace. • 1st goal: ending secret agreements and web of alliances that drew Europe into war. • Freedom of the seas: right of merchant ships to travel freely in international waters in peace or war.

  4. Armaments • Wilson also wanted European countries to reduce armaments, or weapons of war. • 2nd goal: to have different ethnic groups to have new nations in governments of their choosing.

  5. Compare the Maps!!

  6. League of Nations • League of Nations: an international organization to ensure world peace. • Member nations would agree to protect one another’s independence and borders. • Countries could not take other lands by force.

  7. Politics • Wilson, a Democrat, wanted Democrats to work on the treaty. • This was a problem, since Republicans controlled the Senate and the House. • Remember, Congress has to ratify any treaties. Uh oh.

  8. It’s Your Turn! • In your opinion, what do you think of Wilson’s plan for peace in Europe? • Do you think that the Senate will agree? • How do you think that the European leaders will view this problem?

  9. The Conference • Opened at the Palace of Versailles in France. • The Big 4: • David Lloyd George: Great Britain • Vittorio Orlando: Italy • Georges Clemenceau: France • Woodrow Wilson: U.S.

  10. Versailles

  11. Big 4 David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando

  12. Big 4 Continued: Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson

  13. What about the others? • Since Russia made a separate peace treaty with Germany, they didn’t attend. • The defeated countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire took no part in the peace talks.

  14. Failure • The 14 points were largely ignored by the other leaders. • The European countries were more interested in protecting their own self-interests.

  15. Punishment • Britain and France wanted to punish Germany for their role in the war. • France wanted protection from the German army. Clemenceau wanted Germany’sfighting force reduced to only 100,000 men.

  16. Continued: • France also wanted the Alsace-Lorraine region that borders Germany and France. • It is a rich coal-producing region. • France got that too.

  17. More Problems: • Germany was blamed for causing WWI. • In addition to this, Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies. • Wilson feared (correctly) that the reparations would cripple the German government.

  18. Wilson • Woodrow Wilson agreed to these punishments on Germany in exchange for support for his League of Nations. • The Big 4 signed the Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI.

  19. League of Nations • The League of Nations had to be ratified by Congress. • The partisanship between the Democrats and Republicans defeated it. • Partisanship: rivalry between political parties.

  20. During this time… • Wilson took the League of Nations to the people. • However, he was in ill health. • He ended up suffering a major stroke that left him partially paralyzed. • Wilson’s wife became his “gatekeeper”.

  21. It’s Your Turn! • What do you think about how Germany was treated during the Treaty of Versailles? • Do you think the U.S.’s lack of being in the League of Nations led us to WWII?

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