1 / 25

6

6. Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Epiglottis. Larynx. Thyroid cartilage. Cartilage in external ear. Cartilages in nose. Trachea. Cricoid cartilage. Lung. Articular Cartilage of a joint. Cartilage in Intervertebral disc. Costal cartilage. Respiratory tube cartilages

mtsosie
Download Presentation

6

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues

  2. Epiglottis Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cartilage in external ear Cartilages in nose Trachea Cricoid cartilage Lung Articular Cartilage of a joint Cartilage in Intervertebraldisc Costal cartilage Respiratory tube cartilages in neck and thorax Bones of skeleton Pubic symphysis Axial skeleton Meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint) Appendicular skeleton Cartilages Articular cartilage of a joint Hyaline cartilages Elastic cartilages Fibrocartilages Figure 6.1

  3. Figure 6.2

  4. Articular cartilage Compact bone Proximal epiphysis Spongy bone Epiphyseal line Periosteum Compact bone Medullary cavity (lined by endosteum) (b) Diaphysis Distal epiphysis (a) Figure 6.3a-b

  5. Endosteum Yellow bone marrow Compact bone Periosteum Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Nutrient arteries (c) Figure 6.3c

  6. Spongy bone (diploë) Compact bone Trabeculae Figure 6.5

  7. Artery with capillaries Structures in the central canal Vein Nerve fiber Lamellae Collagen fibers run in different directions Twisting force Figure 6.6

  8. Nerve Vein Lamellae Artery Central canal Canaliculus Lacunae Osteocyte in a lacuna (b) Figure 6.3b

  9. Spongy bone Compact bone Central (Haversian) canal Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal Endosteum lining bony canals and covering trabeculae Osteon (Haversian system) Circumferential lamellae (a) Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Periosteal blood vessel Lamellae Periosteum Nerve Vein Lamellae Artery Central canal Lacuna (with osteocyte) Canaliculi Osteocyte in a lacuna Lacunae Interstitial lamellae (b) (c) Figure 6.7a-c

  10. Bone Development

  11. Month 3 Birth Childhood toadolescence Week 9 Articularcartilage Secondaryossificationcenter Spongybone Epiphysealblood vessel Area ofdeterioratingcartilage matrix Epiphysealplatecartilage Hyalinecartilage Medullarycavity Spongyboneformation Bonecollar Bloodvessel ofperiostealbud Primaryossificationcenter 1 2 3 4 5 Bone collarforms aroundhyaline cartilagemodel. Cartilage in thecenter of thediaphysis calcifiesand then developscavities. The periostealbud inavades theinternal cavitiesand spongy bonebegins to form. The diaphysis elongatesand a medullary cavityforms as ossificationcontinues. Secondaryossification centers appearin the epiphyses inpreparation for stage 5. The epiphysesossify. Whencompleted, hyalinecartilage remains onlyin the epiphysealplates and articularcartilages. Figure 6.9

  12. Week 9 Hyaline cartilage Bone collar Primaryossificationcenter 1 Bone collar forms aroundhyaline cartilage model. Figure 6.9, step 1

  13. Area of deterioratingcartilage matrix 2 Cartilage in the centerof the diaphysis calcifiesand then develops cavities. Figure 6.9, step 2

  14. Month 3 Spongyboneformation Bloodvessel ofperiostealbud 3 The periosteal bud inavadesthe internal cavities andspongy bone begins to form. Figure 6.9, step 3

  15. Birth Epiphysealblood vessel Secondaryossificationcenter Medullarycavity 4 The diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity formsas ossification continues. Secondary ossification centersappear in the epiphyses in preparation for stage 5. Figure 6.9, step 4

  16. Childhood to adolescence Articular cartilage Spongy bone Epiphyseal platecartilage The epiphyses ossify. When completed, hyaline cartilageremains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages. 5 Figure 6.9, step 5

  17. Month 3 Birth Childhood toadolescence Week 9 Articularcartilage Secondaryossificationcenter Spongybone Epiphysealblood vessel Area ofdeterioratingcartilage matrix Epiphysealplatecartilage Hyalinecartilage Medullarycavity Spongyboneformation Bonecollar Bloodvessel ofperiostealbud Primaryossificationcenter 1 2 3 4 5 Bone collarforms aroundhyaline cartilagemodel. Cartilage in thecenter of thediaphysis calcifiesand then developscavities. The periostealbud inavades theinternal cavitiesand spongy bonebegins to form. The diaphysis elongatesand a medullary cavityforms as ossificationcontinues. Secondaryossification centers appearin the epiphyses inpreparation for stage 5. The epiphysesossify. Whencompleted, hyalinecartilage remains onlyin the epiphysealplates and articularcartilages. Figure 6.9

  18. Bone remodeling Bone growth Articular cartilage Cartilage grows here. Epiphyseal plate Cartilage is replaced by bone here. Bone is resorbed here. Cartilage grows here. Bone is added by appositional growth here. Cartilage is replaced by bone here. Bone is resorbed here. Figure 6.11

  19. Factors in Bone Health

  20. Calcium homeostasis of blood: 9–11 mg/100 ml BALANCE BALANCE Stimulus Falling blood Ca2+ levels Thyroid gland Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into blood. Parathyroid glands Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH Figure 6.12

  21. Figure 6.16

  22. Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Bone M. Ding et al. 2002

  23. Kyphosis www.hhs.gov/od/images/ NLS0601Zhangfig1.JPG

  24. Which two hormones work in opposition to control homeostatic blood levels of calcium via bone remodeling? • Thyroid hormone and estrogen • Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin • Calcitonin and estrogen • Parathyroid hormone and estrogen

More Related