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Technologies and Media for Distance Education ITEC 106. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Education Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology Teacher Education. A Model of Communication. Communication occurs when two or more individuals wish to share ideas.
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Technologies and Media for Distance Education ITEC 106 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Education Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology Teacher Education
A Model of Communication • Communication occurs when two or more individuals wish to share ideas. • Communication in a distance education environment happens when learners interact with one another and with instructor.
A Model of Communication... • Needs? • Sender • Encoding/Decoding • Channel • Receiver • Noise
Technologies and Media • Print medium • Audio-and Videocassettes • Radio and Television • Teleconferencing - Audioconferencing - Videoconferencing - Computer Conferencing • Computer-Based Instruction • Web-Based Conferencing • Web-Based Instruction
Print medium • Print is the most common medium used in distance education. • Forms of print are: - textbooks, - manuals, - course notes, and study guides. • Easy to: - Press - Distribute - Reproduce - Easy to use (know how to use)
Print medium... • Most important print medium are study guides: - Creates context... • Print materials are relatively inexpensive to develop or distribute (Moore, p78). • Print is used in some form by almost all distance education courses, regardless of what other media they employ.
Audio-and Videocassettes • Audio and videocassettes materials is generally expensive and involves specialized skills (recording, editing, directing). • Popular at 70s and 80s. - In 90s CD/DVD • Problem: Creativeness and Professional experience. - Need money and time..
Audio-and Videocassettes... • Some distance learning provide what's called "video-based instruction". • In such program, video tapes are the main medium of delivery of information to the learner.
Radio and Television • Radio and television broadcasting has been used for educational purposes for many years (Moore, 85). • There are different types of broadcast: public, cable, and satellite. • Some of the advantages of radio and television broadcasting is that they Audio-and videotapes have come to play an increasingly important role as media for distance education.
Radio and Television... • These technologies are convenient and cost-effective. • Most people have VCRs in their homes, and videotapes are easy and inexpensive to distribute. • These media can be used to present the views of experts, which would increase the credibility of and interest in the materials. • Materials that cannot be communicated by print could be communicated this way. • Video is a powerful medium in terms of capturing attention, and conveying a lot of information quickly.
Radio and Television... • Producing audio-or videotape helps keeping students in track, and get people in the community involved, and may recruit new learners to the institute. • Broadcast may be provided to learners through cable television network or satellite broadcast. • Those channels can provide good quality broadcast and dedicated channels for educational purposes.
Teleconferencing • Moore and Kearsley define teleconferencing in terms of describing "the interaction of students and instructors via some form of telecommunications technology. There are four different types of teleconferencing: audio, - audio graphics, video, and computer." • For teleconferencing; - Need telephone lines
Teleconferencing vs.Audioconferencing • Audio conferencing is most common and least expensive form of teleconferencing. • Audio graphic teleconferencing systems involve the use of computer or facsimile technology to transmit visuals to support the audio. • Some computer systems allow the transmission of graphics, programs, and data, where each site sees anything on the instructor computer screen, besides hearing the audio.
Teleconferencing... • Audio graphic systems are good for classes that involve a lot of illustration, such as equations, or computer applications. • Videoconferencing can be transmitted via satellite, cable, or standard telephone lines. • It requires compressing the videos and several equipment.
Videoconferencing • Video conferencing allows learners and instructors to interact face-to-face. • The site below is a site for a class that is being taught by videoconferencing. • The site answers questions about videoconferencing technology, why, when, and how to use it.
Computer Conferencing • Computer Conferencing allows students and instructors to interact via a computer network. • This interaction can be through e-mail messages, file transfer, chat rooms, real audio and video, and others. • With the fast progress in computer technology, computer conferencing is taking its place in educational technology. • Computer conferencing provides good quality, easy to use, and cost-efficient way of interaction.
Computer-Based Instruction • According to Moore, Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) refers to instructional programs that the student uses alone on a personal computer. • The program is usually provided on CD-ROM, in multimedia format (graphics, text, sound, and video). • Even though CD-ROM-based instruction provides effective presentations and cost-effective medium, it is not commonly used in distance education programs, since it does not provide dynamic content and needed interaction between the learner and the instructor.
Computer-Based Instruction... • The site below has a slide show about using computer technology in distance education. • It divides computer-based instruction into Multimedia-based (like CD-ROM) and Internet-based (like email and WWW). • http://www.cs.uwyo.edu/~rex/virtualu/sld003.htm
One-way and Two-way asynchronous communication • One-way communication includes broadcast, videotapes, and multimedia. • Two-way communication includes teleconferencing, satellite broadcast, and Cable television.
Web-Based Conferencing • While many on-line resources mention this medium, Moore and Kearsley does not. • An example of web-based conferencing is CU-SeeMe, the best-known web-based conferencing tool. • It is a new tool that replaces long-distance phone calls over the web and escapes long distance charges. • The educational applications for this technology seems limited, and with the bandwidth limitations of the World Wide Web it is not a promising technology.
Web-Based Instruction • With the fast growth of the Internet, and the fast progress of communication, the world wide web is a new promising medium for distance learning. • With the enormous number of resources available online, and the increasing number of people who have access to the Internet, web-based instruction is considered one of the fastest media for teaching and learning.
Web-Based Instruction... • Learning Management Systems: *Some of them -Blackboard -WebCT -Moodle -Atutor
Media Selection Issues • There is a large number of technologies available for the delivery of distance education course. • Selecting the medium is an important part of the efficiency of that course. • Each medium has its own strengths and weaknesses, and these should be matched to the nature of the learning setting.
Media Selection Issues... • The medium selection process should be undertaken for each course and each program, since they all have different requirements depending on the objectives, learners, and learning environment.
