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The New Deal

I. From Hoover to FDR A. The parties in 1932 1. Republicans a. Renominated Herbert Hoover 2. Democrats a. FDR more flexible than Hoover b. Accepting nomination, FDR promised "a new deal for the American people" B. FDR's rise 1. Early political career 2. Platform

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The New Deal

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  1. I. From Hoover to FDR A. The parties in 1932 1. Republicans a. Renominated Herbert Hoover 2. Democrats a. FDR more flexible than Hoover b. Accepting nomination, FDR promised "a new deal for the American people" B. FDR's rise 1. Early political career 2. Platform 3. Voters had confidence in FDR C. The election of 1932 D. FDR takes office 1. The long wait a. Four months until inauguration b. Run on banks 2. FDR's inauguration II. Early initiatives A. Strengthening America's finances 1. The banking crisis a. FDR declared four-day banking holiday b. Emergency Banking Relief Act c. FDR's "fireside chats" assured banks' safety d. By March 15, banking crisis over 2. The end of Prohibition 3. The problem of debt a. Farm Credit Administration b. Home Owners' Loan Corporation The New Deal

  2. 4. Banking and investment reforms a. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation b. Federal Securities Act 5. Devaluing the currency B. Relief measures 1. Civilian Conservation Corps 2. Federal Emergency Relief Administration 3. Civil Works Administration 4. Works Progress Administration C. Agricultural recovery 1. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 2. Commodity Credit Corporation 3. Supreme Court, in United States v. Butler, ended AAA 4. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act 5. Second Agricultural Adjustment Act D. Industrial recovery "the National Industrial Recovery Act 1. Public Works Administration 2. National Recovery Administration (NRA) a. Codes of fair practice b. Criticism of the NRA c. Legacy of the NRA

  3. E. The Tennessee Valley Authority 1. Started as power and nitrate plants at Muscle Shoals, Alabama 2. New objectives: overall regional planning 3. Rural Electrification Administration helped spread electricity through rural areas F. Social effects of the depression 1. Continued hardships 2. Family life suffered 3. Impacts on specific groups a. migrant workers b. Blacks c. Mexican Americans d. Native Americans 4. Civil rights G. Culture in the 1930s 1. Literature and the depression a. John Steinbeck b. Richard Wright 2. Popular culture during the depression a. Radio programs b. Films

  4. III. The second New Deal A. Early support for Roosevelt's programs B. Eleanor Roosevelt as asset to president C. Criticism from the right D. Criticism from the left 1. Huey Long 2. Francis Townsend 3. Charles Coughlin 4. Pushed Roosevelt to "steal the thunder" of the left E. The Supreme Court and the New Deal 1. Struck down part of NIRA 2. Entire New Deal seemed in danger F. Legislative achievements 1. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 2. Social Security Act 3. Revenue Act of 1935 (Wealth Tax Act)

  5. IV. The election of 1936 A. Republicans 1. Alfred M. Landon nominated 2. Began campaign on a moderate note, but soon turned to attacks on the New Deal 3. Hope that voters on the left would pull votes from FDR B. Democrats create a new electoral coalition C. Landslide victory for FDR V. FDR and the Supreme Court A. The Court's decisions seemed to endanger the New Deal B. FDR decided to enlarge the Court, to enable him to appoint pro—New Deal justices C. Court-packing scheme met with much opposition D. Court-packing became unnecessary

  6. VI. Labor in the New Deal A. Growth of unions B. Industrial unions 1. Movement to organize workers in mass-production industries 2. Craft unions in AFL opposed to industrial unions 3. Formation of CIO C. The CIO 1. Success in automobile industry 2. Success in steel industry 3. CIO had soon unionized much of industrial America VII. The slump of 1937 A. Reasons for slump B. Roosevelt's response VIII. Later reforms A. Wagner-Steagall National Housing Act B. Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act C. Fair Labor Standards Act

  7. IX. The legacy of the New Deal A. FDR and the Democratic party 1. Southern Democrats drifted toward a coalition with conservative Republicans 2. The conservative opposition 3. FDR's efforts to cleanse the Democratic party 4. Factions in Democratic party B. The emergence of the welfare state 1. Through the 1930s the power of the national government vastly enlarged 2. FDR had taken road between the extremes of laissez-faire and socialism 3. Rise of a government whose role was to respond to social crises and take steps to avoid them

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