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AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU WILL…. Name and draw different organic molecules Predict chemical/physical properties of organic compounds base on the presence of FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Learn how to synthesis one FAMILY from another

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AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

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  1. AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU WILL… • Name and draw different organic molecules • Predict chemical/physical properties of organic compounds base on the presence of FUNCTIONAL GROUPS • Learn how to synthesis one FAMILY from another After all, designing the synthesis of new molecules, ranging from high-tech fabrics to “designer drugs,” is one of the most important aspects of modern organic chemistry

  2. Introduction to Organic Chemistry Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds Characteristics of Organic Compounds

  3. The Importance of Organic Chemistry • Many areas rely on Organic Chemistry: • Biology and Biochemistry • Petroleum Industry • Plastics • Genetic Engineering • Agriculture • Pharmacology • Consumer Products

  4. Chemistry and MEDIA STORIES • 1538 • “All substances are poisonous, there is none which is not a poison; the right dose differentiate a poison from a remedy”

  5. GREAT MYTH • “natural is good, manmade is bad” Vitalism (200 years ago) • HOWEVER • NATURE’s poisons outrank in number and toxicity anything chemists can do….. SARIN (nerve gas)

  6. Seven most deadliest CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

  7. The substance was urea, the end product of protein metabolism.

  8. Organic vs. Inorganic Chemistry There are about 100,00 inorganic compounds vs over 15 million of organic ones. • Organic Chemistry – is the study of organic compounds • Composed of C, H and others O, N, S • Chains, rings or both • Inorganic Compounds • Any compound that does not contain carbon (exception: oxides, bicarbonates, carbonates cyanides)

  9. Characteristic of Organic Compounds • They contain covalent bonds • The contain carbon atoms joined together in chains or rings (catenation). • The properties of organic compounds are determined by the presence of certain groups of atoms within the compound (functional groups).

  10. Carbon…facts... • Atomic mass = 12 u • Atomic number = 6 • #p=6; #n=6; #e=6 BUT: there is C-13 and C-14: (ISOTOPES) Have you ever wondered what carbon dating is all about? 6C12

  11. Carbon… • Basis for life!!! • carbon forms 4 stable covalent bonds to other carbon atoms • Can form single, double and triple bonds • forms chains, branched or cyclic molecules • carbon can also readily bond with almost all every other element in the periodic table

  12. Allotropic Forms of Carbon • Elemental carbon exists in FOUR forms: • Amorphous – no definite structure • Graphite – layered sheets of rings • Diamonds – tetrahedral • Spherical combination of rings

  13. Soot is made up from the carbon particles in smoke.

  14. Graphite Graphite • Sheet of rings • Sheet can slip over each other • Good lubricant • resistant to stretching and compression • Chemically intert

  15. Diamond • Tetrahedral array of carbon • Very hard • GRAPHITE AND DIAMONDS are POLYMORPHS (same chemistry but different structure) graphite  diamond (3000C; high P) • Diamond 1813 Humphrey Davey used a lens to concentrate the sun's rays as a heat source to ignite diamond

  16. Bucky ball • “FULLERENE” (1985) • Heated graphite to extremely high • Temperature  cooled for analysis • High stability • Unexpected properties  led • to the development of the • new branch of CHEMISTRY • (astrochemistry, superconductivity, • And material chemistry/physics) • published in the “NATURE”

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