CIVIL WAR

1. CIVIL WAR VS. The North The South

2. Northern Advantages • 2/3 of population lived in the North. • 22 million supported the North. • Much of manufacturing was in the north. • They had the best railroads. • They had ¾ of the financial resources. • They maintain the navy and the merchant marines.

3. Southern Advantages • The states were compacted to fight. • They fought defensively on their own terrain. • They had the best military leadership. • They had better soldiers.

4. Causes for the Civil War • North was developing into small farms, busy factories and growing cities • South became an agricultural empire with cotton • The South wouldn’t cooperate with the National government

5. Causes for the Civil War • The North wanted to preserve the Union and they didn’t worry about slavery • The South wanted to preserve their state rights and independence.

6. Causes for the Civil War • The Southern States thought that they had the right to secede. • The South was more aristocratic and the North was more democratic

7. The Southern States that Ceded from the Union • February, 1861 the South ceded into the Confederate States of America • South Carolina • Mississippi • Florida • Alabama • Georgia • Louisiana and Texas • In May, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas and Virginia secede What were the Confederate States?

8. Causes for the Civil War • Jefferson Davis became the President of Confederacy • The Confederacy began to seize federal buildings I worked night and day for twelve years to prevent the war, but I could not. The North was mad and blind, would not let us govern ourselves, and so the war came.

9. The Southern States that Ceded from the Union These people must be aware that their object is both unlawful and foreign to them and to their duty, and that this institution, for which they are irresponsible and non-accountable, can only be changed by them through the agency of a civil and servile war. • Fort Sumter was fought over on April 6,1861 and the Civil War began. • Robert E. Lee left the Union Army to lead the Confederate Army

10. Abraham Lincoln A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other." • In 1858, Lincoln debated that slavery was morally and politically wrong • His goal was to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution. • 'House-Divided' Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858.

11. Gettysburg Address "...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863.

12. The Emancipation Proclamation • The slaves were freed on January 1, 1863 • The North now fought for freedom of people. • The proclamation applied only to areas held by the Confederacy (South).

13. Emancipation Proclamation • Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation which freed the slaves.

14. Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves on January 1, 1863 Abraham Lincoln and his Cabinet Painted by F.B. Carpenter; engraved by A. H. Ritchie

15. Emancipation ProclamationSlaves were freed in 1863 by Abraham Lincoln

16. Emancipation Proclamation (excerpt) “And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.”

17. Why did President Lincoln free the slaves?

18. Battle of Bull Run • Confederate Capital became Richmond, Virginia • Bull Run was outside of Washington D. C. (1st battle that Union lost) • The Union lost the battle and they were forced to retreat • George B. McClellan led the army at the Potomac

19. General Ulysses Grant • General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in Mississippi and Tennessee. • Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg.

20. Civil War Battles • Battle of Antietam highest casualty rate (5,000) people died. • Battle of Vicksburg a Union victory • Battle of Gettysburg 51,000 were killed • General Ulysses S. Grant took command of the Union Soldiers

21. Civil War Battles • General William Tecumseh Sherman led the troops in Georgia • Burning of Atlanta destroyed the morale of the South • General Sherman moved to Raleigh, North Carolina and it was the end of the South

22. End of the Civil War • April 1, 1865, Lee surrenders to Union • At Appomattox Courthouse, the Confederates officially surrendered

23. End of the Civil War • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater Tell mother, tell mother, I died for my country... useless... useless.John Wilkes Boothe

24. End of the Civil War • 600,000 people were killed in the Civil War • Slavery ended • North became an Industrial power

25. Women in the Civil War • Women ran the plantations and the factories while the men fought the war • Some women were soldiers and spies • Dorothea Dix led the Superintendent of Nurses and changed the way the men were treated during the war

26. Women in the Civil War • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first woman to finished medical school, helped with war effort • Clara Barton formed the American Red Cross. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell Clara Barton

27. 13th Amendment The reading of the Emancipation Proclamation • abolished slavery • President Lincoln signed the amendment in 1865.

28. 14th Amendment • Ruled that all slaves were free. They were entitled to due process of rights and equal protection under the law. Slaves were free.

29. 15th Amendment • gave all Americans the right to vote. Standard 12. 5 reated by L. Carreon

30. Laws that limit the political power of African-Americans • The Black Codes-laws adopted by former Confederates after the Civil War to limit the freedom of former slaves. • Poll Tax-pay a tax to vote

31. Laws that limit the political power of African-Americans • Literacy Test- read a test to vote • Jim Crows Laws- laws were adopted in South to enforce segregation. • Grandfather Clause- grandfather had to vote on last election “Without a struggle, there can be no progress.”   Frederick Douglass

32. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white, wanted to sit in all white train. • Plessy sued because he thought his 14th amendment rights were being violated. • The Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal in facilities and services was legal. Homer Plessy

33. Plessy v. Ferguson Ruling It held that "separate but equal" accommodations did not violate Plessy's rights and that the law did not stamp the "colored race with a badge of inferiority." This decision paved the way for segregation. Judge Taney Supreme Court Justice

34. Results of the Civil War • Union is united. • 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were passed. • Civil Rights Act of 1866 weakened the black codes. • Freedman’s Bureau of 1866-helped the blacks find jobs and go to school. • The rise of the Ku Klux Klan. What were the results of the Civil War?

35. Results of the Civil War • Creation of Black Universities • Southern Economy totally destroyed. • 1st Reconstruction Act: • Southern States would be governed by a military governor • Hold open elections • Ratified the 14th Amendment • Then the southern states could be admitted into the union. What were the results of the Civil War?