IRP 800 HUMAN RESOURCE MANGEMENT

1. IRP 800HUMAN RESOURCE MANGEMENT

2. FRANCIS C. ANYIM PhD FCIPM, FNIM, FABS, FCAI Acting Head, Department of Industrial Relations and Personnel Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Lagos. E-mail: fanyim@unilag.edu.ng; chucksanyim2004@yahoo.com Tel No: 08033468317, 08078008008

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Introduction OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: I. The concepts: Industry and Relations

5. Introduction cont’d…. II. The subject-matter of Industrial Relations: Example – Economics Scarcity of resources hence the need to economise

6. Introduction cont’d…. Industrial Relations arose from conflict Conflict is too wide or be seen as elastic term but industrial relations concern is conflict in the workplace

7. Introduction cont’d…. III. Industrial Revolution and Industrial Relations: What is Industrial Revolution? Household system and communinalism

8. Introduction cont’d…. The collapse of household system by industrial revolution Is industrial revolution a curse or blessing?

9. Introduction Cont’d IV. Actors in Industrial Relations:

10. Introduction cont’d…. The tripod consist of the State, employers and the employees represented by their trade unions

11. Introduction cont’d…. • Difference between “Labour Relations” and “Industrial Relations”.

12. Introduction cont’d…. The dominant among the Actors and role it plays in the system. Relationship between the Actors i.e. from Labour Relations to Industrial Relations

13. NATURE AND SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Industrial relations is a term which stirs up different ideas in the minds of many people. To the ordinary man in the street, the term is asssociated with strikes, lock-out, negotiations between union and management, government intervention in trade disputes and other related issues.

14. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… Indisputably, these issues are more or less related to the areas of social life revolving around employment and the regulation of its burden and rewards. In a nutshell, it is connected with the making of rules to regulate the actions of the parties in industry.

15. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… Industrial Relations is mainly concerned with people at work, thus making employment relationship central to the concept. People work for various reasons, but one of it is that they must earn an income for their livelihood.

16. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • The goal of IR is to ensure ‘equitable sharing’ of the wealth from the industry, to ensure that industrial peace reigns in order to facilitate the production process and thus assist both parties to achieve their objectives.

17. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • With good industrial relations, both parties would relate with each other harmoniously and gains produced for the national economy and development

18. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • Flanders (1965) sees industrial relations as a system of rules and the study of the institutions of job regulations.

19. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • Matanmi (2007) views the subject matter of industrial relations typically as revolving around cross-cutting relationships that involve workers and their organizations (trade unions), employers (management) and their associations and the agencies of government (institutions).

20. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • According to Anyim (1981) most definitions of industrial relations tend to conclude that the term refers to the relations and interaction between government, labour, employers in a regulated manner aimed at fostering industrial peace and harmony in industry.

21. Nature and Scope of Industrial Relations Cont’d… • In summary, industrial relations deals with labour problems both in substantive and procedural terms and these include: conditions of work, hours of work, remuneration, grievances, disputes, level of production, efficiency of work, security of employment, safety, health, welfare at work etc

22. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS PRACTICE • The underlisted factors have significant effect on IR: • Political • Economic • Legal • Social-cultural • International organisations e.g. ILO

23. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… Political Factor • In all countries, government policies affect all its people including the working class

24. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Policy framework are therefore developed to shape the IR system for alignment with national needs, aspirations and objectives

25. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Such policies help to provide guidance and perspective for the pattern of IR • In Nigeria this has been a mixed grill of ‘positives’ and ‘negatives’.

26. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • For example, on the positive side: -The trade unions were restructured along industrial line -The trade unions were given direction and new image

27. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… -There was introduction of check-off system for financial self-sufficiency -Institutional machineries were established for expeditious settlement of labour disputes - Facilities were provided for trade union education amongst others

28. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • On the negative side: -In 1981, the civilian regime of Alhaji Shagari made an attempt to create another Labour centre as rivalry group to NLC because their preferred candidate did not win the NLC presidency

29. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… -President Obasanjo’s Trade Union (Amendment) Act 2005 meant to democratise the Labour Movement was almost returning the Labour Movement to the pre-restructuring era as the Act advocated for the creation of more Labour centres. -

30. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… - Presently, NLC has two factions: Wabba and Ajaero led groups with the attitude of Government to the unhealthy development less than serious

31. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • On Remedial side: -The promotion of good labour-management cooperation between the social partners -Continued guarantee of Freedom of Association

32. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… -Enforcement of minimum conditions of employment, safety, health and welfare at work (Employee Compensation Act, 2010)

33. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Economic Factors • One of the intents of IR is to control and appropriate economic wealth • Union activities and IR atmosphere is generally affected by prevailing economic climate economic glut, inflation, unemployement, foreign reserves,

34. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Changes in price of fuel pump prices have led to major strikes and protests by unions across the country.

35. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… Legal Factors • The practice of IR involves state intervention, regulations and control.

36. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Could be direct or indirect but the process is carried out by means of legal framework

37. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Through the legal framework government promotes, sustains, participates, influences or determines the terms and conditions of employment, the relationship of the parties in IR etc. through enactment of relevant legislations and policies

38. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • Government also provide legal framework that gives institutions the environment to regulate IR practice like Industrial Arbitration Panel, National Industrial Court.

39. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • The government is a member of ILO and a signatory to some of its Conventions which it uses to guide its legal and statutory roles

40. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… Socio-Cultural • Most traditional African societies have extended family support and so a worker is usually affected by what is going on in the wider society which affects union responses to economic problems when interacting with their employers.

41. Environmental Factors Influencing Industrial Relations Practice Cont’d… • A negative or eroded take-home pay will breed conflict and disaffection in the workplace when the employee cannot meet the legitimate obligations to his house hold and even the extended family

42. DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE UNIONS IN NIGERIA • The development of trade unions in Nigeria can be categorized into three main parts: -Pre-ordinance period - 1900 to 1938. -Laissez-faire and restructuring period - 1939 to 1978. -Industrial Unionism - 1978 to date

43. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… 1.Pre-ordinance period - 1900 to 1938. • Three unions came into being at this period. • The first was Southern Nigerian Civil Service Union (NCSU) in 1912 and with the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorate by Lord Lugard in 1914, it was renamed Nigeria Civil Service Union (NCSU).

44. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • The second and third were Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) and Nigeria Railway Union in 1931 • The NCSU and NUT were made up of white collar workers and were less militant than Nigerian Railway Union which comprised blue collar workers.

45. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • All the unions emerged from the public sector which understandably reflected the dominance of public service employment at the period • Up to the 1929 depression, Nigeria Labour history was more or less the history of the Civil Service Union.

46. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • Between the period of the establishment of the first trade union in Nigeria and the 1929 depression, a combination of agitation for increased wages and the demand for Africanization of various posts, some of which had been grudgingly granted opened the flood-gate for the emergence of other unions (Ananaba, 1970)

47. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… 2.The Laissez-Faire and Restructuring Period • In 1938, trade unions were accorded legal recognition by the colonial Trade Union Ordinance of 1938. This loose legislation allowed any 5 or more persons to form a trade union.

48. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • This led to the proliferation of over 1000 mushroom unions that were badly managed and not well organized • There was apathy, non-payment of dues and dominance by active minority • Financial handicap led to reliance on aids from foreign unions

49. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • There was lack of educational facilities for labour education coupled with inexperience in the art of collective bargaining by the union leaders. • This led to frequent unorganized strike action.

50. Development of Trade Unions in Nigeria Cont’d… • A General Secretary as a paid official and administrative head of the union could hold positions in more than one union thus impairing their effectiveness and efficiency • Incessant leadership tussle and factionalization of the unions