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PROTISTS AND FUNGI

PROTISTS AND FUNGI. KINGDOM PROTISTA. Kingdom Protista. Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei). Live in moist surroundings. Unicellular or multicellular. Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both. Some can move - others cannot. Often referred to as the “junk drawer” kingdom. Animal-like .

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PROTISTS AND FUNGI

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  1. PROTISTS AND FUNGI

  2. KINGDOM PROTISTA

  3. Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei). • Live in moist surroundings. • Unicellular or multicellular. • Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both. • Some can move - others cannot.

  4. Often referred to as the “junk drawer” kingdom • Animal-like Broken into 3 categories: • Fungus-like • Plant-like

  5. Animal-like Protists (Protozoans) *Unicellular *Heterotrophs *Groups based on movement: flagella, cilia, pseudopods and the ‘others’.

  6. Protozoans with pseudopods • Pseudopods = ‘false feet’ • Cell membrane pushes in one direction & the cytoplasm flows into the bulge. This allows the protozoan to move, dragging the rest of the cell behind it.

  7. Pseudopods, cont. EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE FLOW PUSH DRAG

  8. Pseudopods, cont. It can form 2 pseudopods to surround & trap food. Then form a food vacuole to break down food in the cytoplasm.

  9. Pseudopods, cont. • Contractile vacuole - it collects extra H2O & expels it from cell • Thin cell membrane - • no definite shape. • Example of a pseudopod - Amoeba.

  10. Protozoans with cilia • Cilia (hairlike structures) help organisms move, get food and sense their environment.

  11. Cilia, cont. • Food vacuole breaks down food and sends through cell. • Anal pore sends out waste. • Example - paramecium.

  12. CONTRACTILE VACUOLE CILIA FOOD VACUOLE ORAL GROOVE FOOD VACUOLE ANAL PORE

  13. Protozoans with flagella • Organisms called zooflagellates • Use flagella to move. • Usually live inside other organisms.

  14. Other Protozoans • Called sporozoans - parasites • Feed on cells & body fluids of hosts Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have more than 1 host: mosquitoes and then humans

  15. Funguslike Protists • Like animals - they are heterotrophs • Like plants - they have cell walls • Reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow into a new organism) • Not in fungi kingdom because they can move at one point in their lives. • An example is slime mold.

  16. Plantlike Protists • Better known as algae • Autotrophs • Size: unicellular to very large • Contain different pigments so they come in different colors. • Euglena: special type of algae -when there is no sunlight they become heterotrophic.

  17. Autotrophs green algaebrown algaered algaediatomsdinoflagellateseuglenoids Heterotrophs amoeboidsciliateszooflagellatessporozoansplasmodial slime moldscellular slime moldswater molds Examples of Protists

  18. KINGDOM FUNGI

  19. Roles of Fungi • Environmental decomposers • Provide food • Cause diseases • Fight diseases

  20. Fungi Kingdom • Eukarayotes. • Heterotrophs • Use spores to reproduce. • Cell walls made of chitin • Non-motile • Need warm, moist places to grow. • Saprobes – live on dead organisms • Examples: yeast, molds and mushrooms.

  21. Fungi -Obtaining food • use a structure called hyphae to get their food. • Except for yeast which are unicellular. • Hyphae: threadlike tubes. Shape of fungi depends on how hyphae used. AND...

  22. Grows hyphae into food • Hyphae secrete digestive chemicals into food • Hyphae absorb • nutrients

  23. Reproduction in Fungi • produce spores with a protective covering: carried by water and air. • spores land in a warm, moist place they grow. AND...

  24. Reproduction in Fungi, cont. When very moist, fungi reproduce asexually by releasing the spores. When conditions are poor, they reproduce sexually, making new spores that are different from both parents.

  25. Since yeast is unicellular, they reproduce by budding. A well fed cell grows from the body of the mother cell and breaks off from the mother.

  26. Four classifications of Fungi • Threadlike - produce spores in their threadlike hyphae (ex. Bread mold) • Sac - produce spores in structures that look like sacs (ex. Yeast, lichen)

  27. Club - produce spores in structures that look like clubs (ex. Mushrooms) Imperfect - those that cannot reproduce sexually, cause the most fungal diseases (ex. Penicillin, ringworm, athletes’ foot)

  28. Ticket Out • Draw a venn diagram comparing and contrasting protists to fungi. • You need to have at least 3 points in each category.

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