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Special Senses

Special Senses. Visual Sense. Visual Sense. Video Clip. The Eye …. Visual Sense. Eyes Specialized organs designed for vision Eyelid Eyelashes Tarsal Glands Prevents eyelashes from sticking together Lipid secretion Conjunctiva

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Special Senses

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  1. Special Senses Visual Sense

  2. Visual Sense Video Clip The Eye …

  3. Visual Sense • Eyes • Specialized organs designed for vision • Eyelid • Eyelashes • Tarsal Glands • Prevents eyelashes from sticking together • Lipid secretion • Conjunctiva • Mucous membrane covering inner surface of eyelid & surface of eye • Provides a fluid, which prevents friction

  4. Visual Sense • Nasolacrimal Duct • Drains tears into nasal cavity • Lacrimal Apparatus • Produces tears in glands • Tears: Nutrients, Oxygen, Antibacterial enzymes (Lysozyme) & lubricants • Lacrimal Puncta • Pores that drain into medial canthus • Lacrimal Canaliculi • Collect tears from collect tears from lacrimal puncta • Lacrimal Sac • Collect tears from lacrimal canaliculi

  5. Eye Anatomy • Sclera • Cornea • Iris • Pupil • Ciliary body • Lens • Choroid • Retina • 3 Layers: • Retina • Choroid • Sclera

  6. Eye Anatomy Video Clip • Optic Nerve • Optic Disk – Blind Spot • Vitreous Humor • Aqueous Humor • Retina contains photoreceptors: • Rods • Cones

  7. Gaucoma • Pressure builds up • May cause damage to the Optic nerve • Aqueous humor is not drained effectively …

  8. Eye Anatomy Rods & Cones initiate the Nerve Impulse and send it towards the brain …. • Retina • Rods: • 125 million • adapted to night vision • No color or detail • Cones: • 6 million • Adapted for day vision • Provide color and detail • Bipolar cells – synapse with Rods & Cones • Ganglion Cells– synapse with Bipolar cells & merge to become optic nerve

  9. Eye Anatomy • Bipolar Cells • Synapse with Rod & Cones • Ganglion Cells • Synapse with Bipolar Cells • Merge to become Optic Nerve Rods Bipolar Cells Ganglion Cells

  10. Eye Anatomy • Macula • Concentration of cones • Visual image • Fovea centralis • High concentration of rods • Optic disk • Passes impulse on to Optic Chiasm

  11. Visual Pigments – How do we actually see? • Visual pigments (in rods & cones) change shape when they absorb light • Rods -> pigment rhodopsin. • 2 Proteins: rods & opsin • Rhodopsin changes shape due to light -> action potentials. • Conecells contain other pigment molecules that are similar to rhodopsin.

  12. Visual Pigments • Cones have proteins that are able to absorb 3 different wave length: • Blue • Green • Red • Combined those proteins give us Color Vision • Rhodopsin & similar Proteins are found in disks, which are frequently replaced.

  13. Visual Pigments Disk Cone cell Rhodopsin Rod cell

  14. Review - Eye Anatomy Video Clip • Bipolar Cells • Synapse with Rod & Cones • Ganglion Cells • Synapse with Bipolar Cells • Merge to become Optic Nerve Rods Bipolar Cells • Optic Nerve • Impulse is passed on from Ganglion Cells to Optic Nerve to the Optic Chiasm Ganglion Cells

  15. Optic Chiasm –> 3 D- Vision

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