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Physics Scenarios Explained: Truck & Car Collision, Cart Forces, Momentum Concept

Explore physics scenarios involving collisions between trucks and cars, forces on carts, and momentum concepts with detailed explanations and solutions to common scenarios in physics.

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Physics Scenarios Explained: Truck & Car Collision, Cart Forces, Momentum Concept

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  1. Some ice falls off the top of a moving truck and hits the windshield of a car. The effect is potentially more serious if (a) the truck is moving in the opposite direction to the car (b) the truck is moving in the same direction as the car (c) It makes no difference whether the truck is moving in the same direction or the opposite direction to the car.

  2. A constant force is exerted for a short time interval on a cart that is initially at rest on an air track. This force gives the cart a certain final speed. The same force is exerted for the same length of time on another cart, also initially at rest, that has twice the mass of the first one. The final speed of the heavier cart is (a) one-fourth (b) four times (c) half (d) double (e) the same as that of the lighter cart.

  3. A constant force is exerted on a cart that is initially at rest on an air track. Friction between the cart and the track is negligible. The force acts for a short time interval and gives the cart a certain final speed. To reach the same final speed with a force that is only half as big, the force must be exerted on the cart for a time interval (a) four times as long as (b) twice as long as (c) equal to (d) half as long as (e) a quarter of that for the stronger force.

  4. Consider two carts, of masses m and 2m, at rest on an air track. If you push first one cart for 3 s, and then the other for the same length of time, exerting equal force on each, the momentum of the light cart is (a) one-quarter the momentum of the heavy cart. (b) one-half (c) equal to (d) twice (e) four times

  5. A 1-kg ball is dropped from a height of 5 m. When the ball hits, how much force does it exert on the ground? (a) 0.2 N (b) 5 N (c) 49 N (d) 9.8 N (e) impossible to determine

  6. A cart moving at speed v collides with an identical stationary cart on an air track, and the two stick together after the collision. What is their velocity after colliding? (a) v (b) 0.5 v (c) zero (d) –0.5 v (e) –v

  7. A billiard ball of mass m is rolling across a table with the velocity shown below, when it collides with a second ball of the same mass. 1. What is the value of the total momentum in the x direction after the collision? 2. What is the value of the total momentum in the y direction after the collision? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) zero

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