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Introduction to Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry . Matter & Change. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. What is Matter?. Physical: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (NO ABILITY CHANGE)

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Introduction to Chemistry

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  1. Introduction to Chemistry Matter & Change

  2. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • Mass is the amount of matter in an object. What is Matter?

  3. Physical: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (NO ABILITY CHANGE) - cut, change of state, boiling point, density, malleability (shaped), ductility (wire), conductivity • Chemical: substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. (ABILITY TO CHANGE) - flammability, oxidation, reactivity Physical vs. Chemical Property

  4. Physical vs. Chemical Property

  5. Mowing • Exploding • Squeezing • Frying/ burning • Boiling/melting • Pouring • Freezing Physical vs. Chemical Property

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  10. Physical: A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. (NO CHANGE) - 1 pencil broken into 2 pieces, shredding, change of state (i.e. freezing, boiling) • Chemical: A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. (CHANGES) - wood to ashes, burning, oxidizing, rusting, digesting Physical vs. Chemical Change

  11. Physical vs. Chemical Change

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  13. Glass breaking • Hammering wood together • Rusting bicycle • Melting butter for popcorn • Separating sand from gravel • Spoiling food • Bleaching hair • Corroding metal Physical vs. Chemical Change

  14. Intensive: Does not depend on the amount of matter present. THINK IDENTITY !!!! - melting point, boiling point • Extensive: Does depend on the amount of matter present. These properties can change. - volume, mass Intensive vs. Extensive Property

  15. Intensive vs. Extensive Property

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  18. Solid: Definite shape and definite volume. - piece of coal • Liquid: Definite volume and no definite shape. - cup of water • Gas: No definite shape nor definite volume. - helium in balloons Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

  19. Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

  20. Particles can vibrate, rotate, move around each other and move rapidly in a random and haphazard way in the space available • Particles can vibrate and rotate within a fixed position • Particles can vibrate, rotate and move around each other. Each particle is more excited and requires more space in which to move Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas

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  24. Matter Flow Chart

  25. Pure Substance: fixed composition; every sample has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition. - H2 & Ba(OH)2 • Mixture: Blend of two or more kinds of matter, each which retains its own identity and properties; can be separated physically. - concrete & saltwater solution Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  26. Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  27. Fabrics • Vinegar (Acetic Acid) • table salt (NaCl) • Rocks • milk • Sugar • absolute alcohol • Lemonade • Air Pure Substance vs. Mixture

  28. Element: Can not be decomposed, or broken down, by ordinary chemical means. - H2, Al, Zr • Compound: Can be decomposed, or broken down, into two or more simpler compounds or elements by a chemical change. - H2O, NaCl, C2H5OH Element vs. Compound

  29. Element vs. Compound

  30. aluminum • C2H5OH • H2O, dihydrogen monoxide • NaCl • calcium, Hg • sugar C12H22O11 • ammonia NH3 • H2 Element vs. Compound

  31. A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means is called a(n) A. elementB. compoundC. mixtureD. isotope

  32. Made up of two or more substances. • Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition • Hetero means different Types of Mixtures

  33. Homogeneous- same composition throughout. • Solution – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container • Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice Types of Mixtures

  34. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

  35. Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements Examples Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni Brass – Cu & Zn 14K, 10K, 18K Gold

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