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Did you Know?

Did you Know?. Normal Respiration is? We breath ________ many times per day? We breath nearly _______ gallons of air in 24 hours Adult lungs hold nearly _____ quarts of air Each breath is equal to about a ______. Respiratory System.

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Did you Know?

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  1. Did you Know? • Normal Respiration is? • We breath ________ many times per day? • We breath nearly _______ gallons of air in 24 hours • Adult lungs hold nearly _____ quarts of air • Each breath is equal to about a ______

  2. Respiratory System • Responsible for exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) • Breathing or Ventilation is the process in which this exchange happens • Respiratory system is divided into • Upper Respiratory Tract • Lower Respiratory Tract

  3. Upper Respiratory Tract • Air is drawn into the Nasal Cavity • Lined with mucous membranes and cilia • Air is filtered heated and moistened • Divided R and L side by the Nasal Septum

  4. Upper Respiratory Tract • Within our nose are receptors for the sense of smell: What cranial nerve relays this info? • Air moves from the nasal cavity into the pharynx • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx

  5. Structures of the Pharynx • Nasopharynx: lymph tissue Adenoids • Oropharynx:lymph tissue Palatine Tonsils • Laryngopharynx: contains the Larynx and the epiglottiswhat is the role of the epiglottis?

  6. Upper Respiratory Tract • From the Pharynx air moves into the Trachea • How does the Trachea stay open?

  7. Lower Respiratory Tract • Trachea divides into two branches Bronchi • Both are composed of mucous membranes and cilia • What holds the Bronchi open?

  8. Lower Respiratory Tract • Bronchi divide into smaller and smaller branches eventually forming Bronchioles • At the end of the Bronchioles are tiny air sacks called alveoli

  9. Lower Respiratory Tract • Near to the Alveoli are the Pulmonary capillaries • It is here that CO2and O2 Diffuse back and forth

  10. Lower Respiratory Tract • Lungs are divided into lobes: 3 Lobes on the R and 2 Lobes on the L • Space between the lungs is Mediastinum what structures are found here?

  11. Lower Respiratory Tract • A serous membrane called the Pleura covers the lungs

  12. Lower Respiratory Tract • Ventilation depends on a pressure the action of the Diaphragm • Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts decreasing pressure within the chest and drawing air in • Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes reentering the thoracic cavity increasing the pressure within the chest as the pressure increases air leaves.

  13. Respiration • Pulmonary Ventilation:Is? • External Respiration: Is? • Transport of Respiratory Gases: Is? • Internal Respiration: Is?

  14. Upper and Lower function together • http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf

  15. Getting the Wind Knocked out of you • A kind of Diaphragm Spasm that occurs when sudden force is applied to the abdomen putting pressure on the solar plexus • Temporary paralysis of diaphragm • Making it difficult to breathe

  16. Study of the Lungs • Pulmonology: the medical specialty concerned with the respiratory system • Pulmonologist: The Physician who treats Disorders of the Respiratory system

  17. New Words • Nas/o, Rhin/o Epiglott/o • Sept/o Laryng/o • Adenoid/o Trache/o • Tonsill/o Bronchi/o, Bronch/o • Pharyng/o Bronchiol/o Alveol/o Pleur/o

  18. New Words • Pneum/o, Pneumon/o Phren/o • Pulmon/o • Lob/o • Ox/i, Ox/o • Thorac/o

  19. The best use of our lungs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWHpcKXt-qQ&feature=related

  20. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • COPD: chronic partial obstruction of the air passages • Symptoms? • 3 Major disorders • Asthma • Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema

  21. Asthma • Produces a Bronchospasm this may be sudden and violent Paroxysmal and lead to dyspnea • What are the causes of Asthma? • What is the category of the main medications used?

  22. Chronic Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchi • Causes? • Symptoms? • The two types of medications used are Bronchodilators and Expectorants

  23. Emphysema • Decreased elasticity of the alveoli- they dilate but do not contract • Leading to barrel chest appearance • Easier to breath sitting upright Orthopnea

  24. Pleural Effusions • Any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity • Auscultation and Percussion, CXR or MRI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDhkerh6ZZk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  25. Pleural Effusions • Transudate: non-inflammatory fluid resembles serum • Left ventricular heart failure or liver disorders • Exudate: high in protein usually contains blood and immune cells • Tumors, infections, inflammation

  26. Types of Pleural Effusions • Hemothorax: pleural effusion caused by blood • Pneumothorax: air in the pleural space leading to a collapse of the lungs

  27. Atelectasis • Collapsed or airless state of the lung and affects all or part of the lung

  28. Thoracentesis • Surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow-bore needle: removes excess fluid or air • Can be diagnostic or therapeutic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noDxydboLrA

  29. Tuberculosis (TB) • Bacterial infection in the lungs • Produces inflammatory nodules: Granulomas

  30. Pneumonia • Inflammatory disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi • Sx: Angina, mucopurulent sputum, Hemoptysis- spitting up blood

  31. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • ARDS: The lungs no longer function effectively, threatening life • Caused by- trauma, sever pneumonia and other major infections • The alveoli become edematous then collapse • Mechanical ventilation is often required

  32. Apnea • Temporary loss of breathing • Obstructive, central, mixed • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjQdAf9cQBo

  33. Asphyxia • Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

  34. Croup • Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vgOOuBKKu8&feature=related

  35. Pertussis • Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound, also called “whooping cough” • What is the vaccination for this? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3akJVesMdvs

  36. Epiglottitis • Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age

  37. Pleurisy • Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing

  38. Pulmonary Embolus • Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter

  39. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Cheyne-Stokes Respirations:deep then shallow breathing patterns (damaged respiratory center of the brain) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrKfmfuP9l4 • Crackle: caused by air entering moisture filled alveoli • http://www.stethographics.com/main/physiology_ls_fine.html

  40. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Rhonchus: course, rattling noise similar to snoring (secretion in the larger airways) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeIA3eHHWlc&feature=related • Stridor: High pitched, harsh breath sounds (swelling of the larynx, upper airway obstruction) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Enq2BvX9aw&feature=fvwrel • Wheeze: Whistling of sighing sound (narrow lumen)

  41. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Wheeze: Whistling of sighing sound (narrow lumen)

  42. Hypoxemia • Deficiency of oxygen in the blood • Monitored with Oximetry: monitor hemoglobin(Hb) saturated with oxygen

  43. Hypoxia • Deficiency of oxygen in tissues

  44. Pulmonary Function Tests • Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rjN2_hDXEY

  45. Bronchoscopy • Visual examination of the bronchi using endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL6oW8OdkxU

  46. Laryngoscopy • Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury

  47. Sputum culture • Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract

  48. Throat culture • Test used to identify pathogens, especially group Strep A

  49. Rhinoplasty • Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes

  50. Tracheostomy • Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea which a breathing tube may be inserted • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8irjJ4yMMg

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