Group Members:

2. Group Members: • ADIL KHAN 1421-311080 • MEHMAL JAVED 1421-311079 • RAFIQUE AHMED 1421-311066 • SYED NASHAD HUSSAIN 1421-311054 • ZEESHAN AKBAR ZUBERI 1421-311062

3. Topic: • Chapter No. 12: • “THE BASICS OF NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING”

4. Contents: • Preventing problems • Troubleshooting the network • Reference sources for troubleshooting • Diagnostic tools

5. Preventing Problems: • The first step in problems prevention is to set up the network carefully .Viruses and electrical problems can weak the network, but they are almost entirely preventable • Physical environment • Electrical problems • Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses • Security

6. Physical Environment: Although computers are not especially sensitive to their environment, their physical surroundings do have an impact on them .However, the general areas where you can protect your network. • Temperature • Air quality • Magnetism

7. Electrical Problems : Electrical problems occur quickly and often without warning .There are four main steps of electrical problems: • Crosstalk • Noise • Static • Transients

8. Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses: • A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability.

9. Troubleshooting

10. Troubleshooting • Troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing the source of a problem. It is used to fix problems with hardware, software, and many other products. • The basic theory of troubleshooting is that you start with the most general possible problems, and then narrow it down to more specific issues.

11. Troubleshooting procedure

12. Identify the problem • What problem the end-user is experiencing? • What the computer was doing ? • When the problem occurred?

13. Find the Faulty Component • In networks we may have the problem with hardware or software. • Check all the hardware & software components of your computer. Hardware i.e. Printer, Cables etc. Software i.e. Operating Systems

14. Correcting Problem: • After identify the faulty component of your network, correct that particular component to work properly in the network.

15. Verifying Correction: • Now you correct the problem so verify the correction you made in the network. • If it is correct you are ready to connect with your network.

16. Prevent reoccurrence • After verify the correction make possible changes in hardware & software to prevent your network from that particular problem.

17. Reference Sources for Troubleshooting

18. Reference source for troubleshooting: • The micro house technical library: Available from micro house corporation, this library is extensive (CD-ROM ) data base o f network cards, motherboards, hard drives and other hard ware . • Microsoft's TechNet: Contains ms technical information, product details, and articles about the latest software's releases, updates and revisions . • Novell support encyclopedia: A large data base of information about NetWare and networking • Novell net wire: Includes much the same information and features as NSEPro, but in a constantly updated form, and it’s actually cheaper than an NSEPro subscription

19. The micro house technical library • Encyclopedia of Hard Drives • Encyclopedia of Main Boards • Encyclopedia of Network Cards • Encyclopedia of I/O Cards

20. Microsoft Technical information Network (TechNet) Microsoft TechNet Subscriptions allow you to download and evaluate the latest full-version software and beta releases, and provide access to extensive technical information about Microsoft technologies. You can use these resources to quickly resolve technical issues

21. The Network Support Encyclopedia: • Novell’s network support encyclopedia, professional edition, or NSEPro, • It Contains a huge database of information about NetWare and networking. • It includes more than 170MB of text, The Network Support Encyclopedia (NSE) is an electronic • InfoBase containing a collection of network technical information.

22. Diagnostic Tools

23. Diagnostic Tools • Terminators • Cable Testers • Time-Domain Reflectometer (TDRs) • Digital Volt Meters (DVMs) • Protocol Analyzers

24. Terminators • Electrical termination of a signal involves providing a terminator at the end of a wire or cable to prevent an Radio Frequency signal (RF) from being reflected back from the end, causing interference. The terminator is placed at the end of a transmission line.

25. Cable Tester • A Cable Tester is an instrument for testing the integrity of a stretch of cable.

26. Time-Domain Reflectometer (TDRs) • A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables.

27. Digital Volt Meters (DVMs) • A Digital Volt Meter can help you find a break in a network cable by checking the voltage being carried across a network cable.

28. Protocol Analyzers • A "Protocol analyzer" is a tool (hardware or software) used to capture and analyze signals and data traffic over a communication channel. • Protocol analyzers are mainly used for performance measurement and troubleshooting. These devices connect to the network to calculate key performance indicators to monitor the network and speed-up troubleshooting activities.

29. Thank You…!!!