UNIT2 Introducing People to Each Other

1. UNIT2 Introducing People to Each Other 曾冠冠

2. Dialogue A. Lizzy, This Is My • Friend • B. Li Ying, This Is Mr. • Brown • Passage A. No Time for Formality • B. How to Greet a • Foreign Friend

3. Focal Functions and Patterns • 1. Lizzy, this is (my friend, Chang). • Mr. Brown, may I introduce (my friend Li • Ying) to you? (She is an outstanding • student in our school.) • Dr. Johnson, please allow me to • introduce (my sister) to you. (She wants • to learn English from you.)

4. Wang, I’d like you to meet (my friend, • Helen, She is our guest professor.) • 2. How do you do? I’m glad to meet you • here. • I’m glad to know you, Mr. Johnson. • It’s nice to meet you. • Pleased to meet you, Li Ying. I’ve heard • quite a lot about you from (Lizzy).

5. Background Information • When do people decide whether or not • they want to become friends? During their • first four minutes together, according to a • book by Dr. Leonard Zumin. In his book, • Contact: The First Four Minutes, he offers • this advice to anyone interested in starting • new friendships: “Every time you meet • someone in a social situation, give him

6. Your undivided attention for four minutes. • A lot of people’s whole lives would change • if they did just that.” • You may have noticed that the average • person does not give his undivided • attention to someone he has just met. He • keeps looking over the other person’s • shoulder, as if hoping to find someone • more interesting in another part of the • room. If anyone has ever done this to you,

7. you probably did not like him very much. • When we are introduced to new people, • the author suggests, we should try to • appear friendly and self-confident. In • general, he says, “People like people who • like themselves.” • On the other hand, we should not make • the other person think we are too sure of • ourselves. It is important to appear • interested and sympathetic, realizing that

8. the other person has its own needs, fears, and hopes.

9. Language Points • 1. Notes to Passage • 1. Could I take a few minutes of your • time? (Dialogue A) • 我能占用你几分钟时间吗？ • could: 是情态动词can的过去式，表示 • 与过去有关的能力和推断；同时， • could还可以代替can, 表示请求，但 • 语气较can客气、委婉。

10. 2. Now summer vacation is approaching. • (Dialogue B) • 暑期快要到了。 • is approaching: 此处的现在进行时be+ • V-ing用来表示即将发生的事情。 • e.g. What are you doing next Sunday? • 你下个星期天要干什么？ • 此外，现在进行时动词常与always, • continually, constantly等副词连用，表示 • 反复出现的习惯性的动作。

11. 3. I’d love to. (Dialogue B) • 是的，我很想。 • 这是一个省略句，不定式符号to后省略了 • work for a month。在不影响意思的前提 • 下，为避免重复，句中某些部分可以省 • 略。请注意，省略动词后的不定式时需 • 保留不定式符号to。 • e.g. Can you come to our party this • evening? • 今晚你能来参加我们的聚会吗？

12. 4. There are no handshakes in most cases. • 在一般情况下是不握手的。 • 此句在语法中被称为“存在句”，也称为“ • there be结构“，there是引导句，本身无 • 意义，be是谓语动词，它后面的名词是 • 主语。应注意谓语要和后面的主语保持 • 数的一致。There be句的否定结构有两 • 种: there be not any和there be no。 • e.g. There is not any person in the room. • There is no one in the room. • 房间里没有人。

13. 不过，如果句中有并列主语，谓语常与最 • 接近它的那个主语保持一致。 • e.g. There is a book and two pens on my • desk. • 课桌上有一本书、两支钢笔。 • There are two pens and a book on my • desk. • 课桌上有两支钢笔、一本书。

14. 2. Word Usage • 1. mutual: a. equally shared by each • one 共同的 • e.g. We have mutual interests. • Mr. and Mrs. Smith have a • mutual love of flowers. • mutually ad. • Usage: 人们常用mutual指“两个或多 • 个的人或事物共同拥有的“，如mutual • friends (共同的朋友)。

15. 2. vacation n. BrE a period of the year • when universities, colleges or law courts • are officially closed休假期，寒暑假； • AmE any period of holiday假日，假期 • e.g. He has gone to Germany on • vacation. • I worked in a small travel agency • during last summer vacation. • Usage: 1)在英式英语中，holiday指不工 • 作的假期或节假日，美式英语称之为 • vacation。

16. 3. approach: v. to come near or nearer (to) • 走近，靠近 • e.g. We approached with care. • The time is approaching when we • must leave. • n. (to) the act of approaching行近，接 • 近 • e.g. The approach of winter brings cold • weather.

17. 4. manager: n. a man who controls is a • business经理 • e.g. Our manager is an American. • 5. experience: n. (the gaining of) • knowledge or skill which comes from • practice rather than from books • 经验(来自实际工作而非书本的知识与技 • 能) • e.g. We need a teacher with 5 year’s • experience.

18. 6. chance: n. a favorable occasion; • opportunity (好机会) • e.g. I never miss a chance of playing • football. • Usage: 比较chance与opportunity。 • chance指偶然的机会，而opportunity则 • 指有利的机遇。二者经常可以换用，但 • 含义略有不同。 • e.g. I had the chance / opportunity of • visiting Paris.

19. 7. hurry: n. haste; quick activity 匆忙；匆 • 促 • Phrase: in a hurry 匆忙地；匆促地 • e.g. You make mistakes if you do things • in a hurry. • 8. seem: v. to give the idea or effect of • being; be in appearance; appear似乎； • 看似；好像 • e.g. I seem to have caught a cold. • It seems like years since I last saw • you.

20. 9. informally: n. the state or quality of • being informal 不正规，非正式 • e.g. Opposite to American informality, • Englishmen always behave formally. 10. somewhat: ad. by some degree or amount; a little rather 有点儿；稍微 e.g. I am somewhat tired of this week. 11. surprised: a. astonished, amazed 吃惊 的 e.g. I was surprised at seeing him there. Usage: surprise指“由于出乎意外而惊异 或诧异”。

21. e.g. His coming surprised me. • astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解 • 而感到吃惊”, 语意较强。 • e.g. I was astonished to see he got up • so early. • amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可 • 能发生的事出现而感到大为诧异，迷惑 • 不解”，语意较强。 • e.g. I was amazed at his impudent. • 12. lack: n. absence of need 缺少，没有 • e.g. The plants died for lack of water.

22. 13. especially: ad. to a particularly great • degree 特别是 • e.g. I love Beijing, especially in • summer. • 14. business: n. trade for getting money • 生意 • e.g. How’s business? • After school she went into • business. • Phrase: on business出公差 • e.g. I’m here on business, not for • pleasure.

23. 15. concern: a. serious care or interest • 关心，关注 • e.g. She expressed her deep concern • for me in her letter. • concerned: a. anxious, worried • 担心的，挂念的 • e.g. The concerned mothers anxiously • waited for their children. • concerning: prep. about; with regard • to 关于；有关

24. e.g. Concerning your letter, I am • pleased to inform you that your • plans are quite acceptable to us. • 16. title: n. a word or name, such as “Mr.”, • “Mrs.”, “Doctor”, “Professor”, etc., • given to a person to be used before • his name as a sign of rank, profession, • etc. 称号，头衔 • e.g. Some persons think ‘title’ is very • important for them.

25. 17. situation: n. a position or condition at • the moment; state of affairs形势；情形 • e.g. I’m in a difficult situation and I • don’t know what to do. • Usage: 比较conditions与situation二字 • ，除了其他意义外，这两个字都可以译 • 作“状况”，“情况”。 • e.g. the economic conditions/situation • 经济情况

26. 18. shake: v. to take and hold (someone’s • right hand) in one’s own for a moment, • sometimes moving it up and down, as • a sign of greeting, goodbye, • agreement, or pleasure (esp. in the • phr. Shake hands with someone) 握手 • e.g. The two men shook with each • other. • 19. mean: v. to present (a meaning) 意思 • 是；意味着

27. e.g. What does this French word mean? • The green light means “Go”. • a. ungenerous; unkind 吝啬的；卑鄙的 • e.g. Let me go out; don’t be so mean to • me. • a. average 平均的 • e.g. The mean yearly rainfall is 20 inches. • n. an average amount, figure, or value • 平均之量，数目或值 • e.g. The mean of 7,9, and 14 is found by • adding them together and diving by 3.

28. 20. formal: a. ceremonial; according to • accepted rules or customs 礼仪的；正 • 式的 • e.g. This is a formal dinner party. • Business letters must always be • formal, but we should write in a • natural way to friends. • formality: n. careful attention to rules • and accepted forms of behavior • 讲究礼节；拘泥形式

29. e.g. There’s no time for formality in much • of everyday life. • 21. similarly: ad. in a similar way; as is • similar 同样地；相同地 • e.g. Boys wear fashionable clothes. • Similarly, some birds have bright • feathers. • 22. farewell: n., interj. formal & old use • goodbye 再见 • e.g. Farewell! I hope we meet again • soon!

30. 23. wave: v. to move something in one’s • hand as a signal, esp. in greeting 挥(手 • 中之物)致意；招手 • e.g. She waved her hand towards us. • He waved his stick in the air. • n. a raised curving line of water on • the surface, esp. of the sea 浪；波 • 浪；海浪；浪头 • e.g. The waves rose and fell on the • shore.

31. 24. whole: a. not less than (a); all (the) • 全部；全体 • e.g. I want to know the whole truth. • Phase: on the whole, she is right. • 25. group: n. a number of people or things • placed together 一组，一群 • e.g. A group of girls was waiting by the • school. • 26. simply: ad. in a simple way; easily, • plainly, clearly, or naturally 简单地； • 简直

32. e.g. This cake is made quite simply. • 27. case: n. a particular occasion or state • of affairs 情况 • e.g. Helen’s stupid, but it’s different in • the case of Mary; she’s just lazy. • In that case, catch the train • tomorrow. • in case以防；或许 • e.g. Take your coat in case it rains. • Take your dancing shoes in case • you decide to go dancing.

33. 28. relationship: n. connection 关系 • e.g. The teacher has a very good • relationship with her students.

34. Practice---Translate the following sentences into English • 1. 朋友之间相互尊重非常重要。(mutual) • 2. 寒假就要到了。(vacation, approach) • 3. 对于这个职位，他没有足够的经验。 • (experience) • 4. 她看上去似乎很快乐。(seem) • 5. 很高兴同你做生意。(business) • 6. 他们很关心我父亲的健康。(concern)

35. 7. 这标志表示车子不能进入。(mean) • 8. 汤姆基本没有受过正规教育。(formal) • 9. 我忘不了他离别时的一瞥。(farewell) • 10. 她向我们挥手道别。(wave) • 11. 一般情况下，我们遇到陌生人时，应先 • 介绍自己。(in most case) • 12. 他今年一直特别忙。(especially) • 13. 双胞胎举止很相似。(twins, similarly) • 14. 你知道工资和物价之间的关系吗？ • (relationship)

36. 15. 通过我们共同的努力，我们最终成功了。 • (joint) • 16. 我们分吃了巧克力。(share) • 17. 他等级比我高。(rank) • 18. 你能替我做件事情吗？(could) • 19. 你愿意和我一起去吗？(would) • 20. 他们供给我们食物。(provide with)

37. Translation for reference • 1. Mutual respect is very important • between friends. • 2. The winter vacation is approaching. • 3. He has not enough experience for the • position. • 4. She always seems (to be) happy. • 5. It’s a pleasure to do business with you. • 6. They showed great concern about my • father’s health.

38. 7. The sign means that cars cannot enter. • 8. Tom had little formal education. • 9. I can’t forget his farewell glance. • 10. She waved us goodbye. • 11. When meeting strangers, we should • introduce ourselves first of all in most • cases. • 12. He has been especially busy this year. • 13. The twins act very similarly. • 14. Do you know the relationship between • wages and prices?

39. 15. We succeeded at last through our joint • efforts. • 16. We shared the chocolate. • 17. He’s above me in rank. • 18. Could you do something for me? • 19. Would you go with me? • 20. They provide us with food. • 21. Liu, I’d like you to meet Professor • Waters. She is our English teacher. • 22. How do you do! Susan has told me • quite a lot about you.

40. Thank you for your attention!