Integrating Technology in the Instructional Machine

1. Integrating Technology in the Instructional Machine Franco Paoletti, PhD East Windsor Regional School District Teachers as Scholars – Program in Teacher Preparation – “Technology and the Human Experience” – Prof. M.S. Mahoney Princeton University - July 2006

2. Technology as a complement to instruction • Motivation • Identify the needs of modern education: technology incorporation into educational instruction • Design and implement applied projects to enhance technology integration in a specific school district • Outline • Introduce principles, procedures, and techniques, used for efficient technology integration • Cutting-edge science requires technology Applied projects: • Successful grants proposals and funding appropriation • Building a “low-cost” point-of-service computer station system

3. Theory and practice of technology integration • “The education of the future, as I see it, will be conducted through the medium of the motion picture, a visualized education, where it should be possible to obtain one hundred percent efficiency. ” … “In ten years, textbooks as the principal medium of teaching will be as obsolete as the horse and carriage are now.” Thomas Edison (~1910). • Five Elements for effective Technology Incorporation • Access, Connectivity, Resources, Integration, and Guidance • A New Era of Instructional Methodologies • teacher-centered → active-interactive student-centered approach • teacher becomes facilitator / leader providing guidance • Obstacles along the Path of Technology Incorporation • limited teacher proficiency and lack of training→ “inertia to change” • limited availability of hardware↔budget constraints??!!

4. Technology Incorporation and the Learning Process • “Authentic learning” methodology • hands-on, enquiry-based activities using the scientific method of investigation→ real-life situations / problems • “Problem-based” instruction • Learning through discovery and exploration using previously acquiredknowledge or expertise → higher-order-thinking, mental bridges, critical thinking • The ASSURE Model of Instruction for Effective Use of Technology • Analyze the Learner • State Objectives and Expectations • Select the Materials and Media • Utilize the Materials and Media • Require Student Participation • Evaluation andFeedback

5. Modern science requires technology • Computers are needed to progress in cutting-edge scientific research • Computer programming opens the scientific investigation to a virtual modeling world of extreme complexity • Computer simulations of complex systems allow predictions and discoveries otherwise unachievable through human brain power alone • Modern science is intimately integrated with technology and permeates all aspects of our everyday life • When science is taught out of context students loose interest and motivation • Computer technology allows to bring the science of the real world inside the classroom in a virtual environment Example: The Internet Plasma Physics Education Experience (IPPEX) COMING SOON: The Internet Education Space Science Interactive Project (IESSIP)

6. Securing Funding for Technology Integration • Public school districts’ budgets not large enough to accommodate all requests for technology upgrade at all levels across the curriculum • technology (hardware and software) becoming obsolete at a very fast rate Grant writing as a tool to secure of funds for technology integration • Multimedia Technology Capabilities Enhancement at the Hightstown High School Science Department • dedicated TV set equipped with a DVD/CD/VCR player • Science and Technology of the Industrial World within the Classroom Walls • replace some of the laboratory activities of Chemistry/Physics courses with self contained virtual modules dealing with real problems from the perspective of a technician working in an industrial plant • application of “Authentic learning” methodologyand “Problem-based” instruction

7. Building a “point-of-service” Multimedia Center • Computer labs centrally located vs. point-of-service systems right in the classroom • Procured hardware (15 computers) through the Princeton University Surplus program • Costs limited to cabling, setup, and operating systems purchase/installation • Demonstrated feasibility of project with the use of extremely limited available funds

8. FP From the Jacquard Loom to the Classroom Desk … and the evolution continues …

9. References • Carlucci, L.M., Paoletti, F., 2006. Integrating Technology into the Curriculum opens the Classroom onto the Outside World, International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language: Learning Technologies in the Language Classroom: A Step Closer to the Future” Conf. Proc., May 26-28, Nicosia, Cyprus. • Paoletti, F., Carlucci, L.M., 2006. Japan Memorial Fund Program Opens New Avenues for Effective Technology Integration into Instruction , American Physical Society Conf. Proc., April 22-25, Dallas, TX. • Carlucci, L.M., Paoletti, F., 2006. Modern Technologies Help Merge Cultures and Overcome Language Barriers, 8th Annual “Digital Stream: Literacy in Language Learning with Technology” Conf. Proc., March 23-25, Monterey Bay, CA. • Roblyer, M.D.D., Roblyer, M.D., 2002. Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. • Oppenheimer, T., 2003. The Flickering Mind: The False Promise of Technology in the Classroom Learning Can Be Saved, Random House, New York, New York. • Bates, T.W., Poole, G., 2003. Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success, Jossey-Bass, Inc., Publishers, Indianapolis, Indiana. • Maier, P., Warren, A., 2000. Integrating Technology in Learning and Teaching, Kogan Page, Limited, London, United Kingdom. • Naidu, S., 2003. Learning and Teaching with Technology: Principles and Practice, Kogan Page, Limited, London, United Kingdom.

10. References • Lever-Duffy, J., Mizell, A., McDonald, J.B., Mizell, A.P., McDonald, J., 2002. Teaching and Learning with Technology, Allyn & Bacon, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Haymore Sandholtz, J., Ringstaff, C., Dwyer, D.C., 1997. Teaching with Technology: Creating Student-Centered Classrooms, Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York. • Schunk, D.H., 2003. Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Newby, T.J.J., Stepich, D.A., Lehman, J.D., Russell, James D., 1999. Instructional Technology for Teaching and Learning: Designing Instruction, Integrating Computers, and Using Media, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Carroll, J.A.A., Witherspoon, T.L., 2001. Linking Technology and Curriculum: Integrating the ISTE NETS Standards into Teaching and Learning, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Reiser, R.A., Dempsey, J.V., 2001. Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Alessi, S.M.M., Trollip, S.R., 2000. Multimedia for Learning: Methods and Development, Allyn & Bacon, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. • Jonassen, D.H., Howland, J., Moore, J., Marra, R.M., 2002. Learning to Solve problems with Technology: A Constructivist Perspective, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.