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Understanding Properties of Solids: Classifications and Characteristics

Explore the classification and characteristics of solids based on particle arrangements and bonding forces, including ionic, metallic, molecular, and covalent network crystals. Learn about properties like melting points, conductivity, and solubility. Practice identifying unknown solids with worksheets and exercises.

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Understanding Properties of Solids: Classifications and Characteristics

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  1. Properties of Solids

  2. Classifying Solids Solids can be classified according to • Arrangement of particles: Amorphous solids– particles arrangements lack order (rubber & glass) Crystalline solids– with organized particle arrangements and as a result a distinct shape • Bonds that hold them together (i.e. Ionic, covalent)

  3. Properties of Solids • Properties of solids depend on the forces between particles • 4 types of solids • Ionic (cation and anion) • Metallic (metals) • Molecular (nonmetals) • Covalent Network (metalloid/carbon)

  4. Ionic Crystals • High melting point • Hard, brittle • High solubility in water • Electrolytes (in solution)

  5. Metallic Crystals • Positive nuclei surrounded by loosely held valence electrons (metals have low ionization energies) • Creates a delocalized “sea” of valence electrons

  6. Metallic Crystals

  7. Metallic Crystals

  8. Molecular Crystals • Soft • Low melting point • Nonelectrolytes

  9. Covalent Network Crystals • Very hard and brittle • Very high melting points • Nonelectrolytes

  10. Covalent Network Crystals • Carbon forms several allotropes (different forms) of network solids including the arrangement in graphite vs. diamond. • These arrangements give each type of network different chemical and physical properties.

  11. Practice • Unknown Solids Worksheet • Solids Research Worksheet • P. 273 #1-5, 7 • P. 276 #1-8

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