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Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr. G ö knur Cambaz B ü ke E-mail address: goknurcambaz@gmail Tel:1396

Dive deep into the world of materials science with this course. Understand the properties, structures, and processing of various materials like metals, polymers, and ceramics. Explore nanotechnology and its applications in today's technology.

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Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr. G ö knur Cambaz B ü ke E-mail address: goknurcambaz@gmail Tel:1396

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  1. Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr. Göknur Cambaz Büke E-mail address: goknurcambaz@gmail.com Tel:1396 Office: M3-Z04 About me… • B.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU • M.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU • Ph.D.: Materials Science and Engineering -Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA

  2. Course Objectives • Basic principles of chemistry, physics and show how they apply in describing the behavior of the solid state • Understand the types of materials • The relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and crystal structure • The relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties • Introducing many electrical, optical and magnetic phenomena and their applications in today’s technology

  3. Course Material • Callister, Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons 2007 • Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices • Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall 20000-13-025538-6

  4. LECTURES PLEASE BE ON TIME Activities: • Present new material • Announce reading and homework • Take quizzes and midterms* *Make-ups given only for emergencies. *Discuss potential conflicts beforehand. b

  5. OFFICE HOURS 10:00-12:00 Thursday Contact me for other special arrangements! Activities: • Discuss homework, quizzes, exams • Discuss lectures, book • Pick up missed handouts • Any materials science related discussions e

  6. COURSE MATERIAL Required text: • Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction • W.D. Callister, Jr., 8th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2007). • Other useful references: • Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices • Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall 20000-13-025538-6 Online Material: • Web site : Reference material: http://ece360.cankaya.edu.tr/ • Presentations, links, papers, course-work • HW questions f

  7. GRADING Attendance and participation to in-class discussions 10% Homework/Presentations/Project20% In-lecture quizzes 20% Midterm #1 20% Final 30% g

  8. Introduction • What is materials science? • Why should we know about it? • Materials drive our society • Stone Age • Bronze Age • Iron Age • Now? • Silicon Age? • Polymer Age? • Nano Age?

  9. Four Elements of Materials Science Material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Arrangement of its internal components

  10. Structure, Processing, & Properties (d) 30mm (c) (b) (a) 4mm 30mm 30mm • Properties depend on structure ex: hardness vs structure of steel 6 00 5 00 Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition, and from Fig. 11.14 and associated discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33; and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 4 00 Hardness (BHN) 3 00 2 00 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Cooling Rate (ºC/s) • Processing can change structure ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel

  11. Concept Map

  12. THE TRASHCAN I: THE CAN Concept Map Metal Inorganic Crystalline Synthetic Metal

  13. THE TRASHCAN II: THE RUST Concept Map Non-Metal Inorganic Crystalline Naturally Occurring Mineral Crystalline Ceramic

  14. THE TRASHCAN III: THE LINER Concept Map Non-Metal Organic Amorphous Synthetic Polymer Polymer

  15. Types of Materials • Metals: • Strong, ductile • High thermal & electrical conductivity • Opaque, reflective. • Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s • Soft, ductile, low strength, low density • Thermal & electrical insulators • Optically translucent or transparent. • Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides) • Brittle, glassy, elastic • Non-conducting (insulators)

  16. ENGINEERED MATERIALS • ALLOYS • COMPOSITES

  17. SEMICONDUCTORS Solar Cells OLED Technology

  18. Nanotechnology Definition Comprised of “nanostructures” or “nanomaterials” that possess at least one dimension that measures approximately less than 100nm AND exhibit novel properties. The art and science of building stuff that does stuff at the nanometer scale. R. Smalley, Rice University Nobel Prize Winner

  19. Size Comparisons • The diameter of your hair is approximately 50,000-100,000 nanometers • Your finger nail grows 1 nanometer in 1 second • A line of ten hydrogen atoms lined up side by side is 1 nanometer long

  20. SOME CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

  21. SOLAR CELLS • Improved efficiencies: novel nanomaterials can harness more of the sun’s energy • Lower costs: some novel nanomaterials can be made cheaper than alternatives • Flexibility: thin film flexible polymers can be manipulated to generate electricity from the sun’s energy Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

  22. COMPUTING • Faster processing speeds: miniaturization allows more transistors to be packed on a computer chip • More memory: nanosized features on memory chips allow more information to be stored • Thermal management solutions for electronics: novel carbon-based nanomaterials carry away heat generated by sensitive electronics Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

  23. CLOTHING • Anti-odor properties: silver nanoparticles embedded in textiles kill odor causing bacteria • Stain-resistance: nanofiber coatings on textiles stop liquids from penetrating • Moisture control: novel nanomaterials on fabrics absorb perspiration and wick it away • UV protection: titanium nanoparticles embedded in textiles inhibit UV rays from penetrating through fabric Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

  24. BATTERIES Nanotechnology enhancements provide: • Higher energy storage capacity and quicker recharge: nanoparticles or nanotubes on electrodes provide high surface area and allow more current to flow • Longer life: nanoparticles on electrodes prevent electrolytes from degrading so batteries can be recharged over and over • A safer alternative: novel nano-enhanced electrodes can be less flammable, costly and toxic than conventional electrodes

  25. SPORTING GOODS AND EQUIPMENT Nanotechnology enhancements provide: • Increased strength of materials: novel carbon nanofiber or nanotube-based nanocomposites give the player a stronger swing • Lighter weight materials: nanocomposites are typically lighter weight than their macroscale counterparts

  26. CARS Nanotechnology enhancements provide: • Increased strength of materials: novel carbon nanofiber or nanotube nanocomposites are used in car bumpers, cargo liners and as step-assists for vans • Lighter weight materials: lightweight nanocomposites mean less fuel is used to make the car go • Control of surface characteristics: nanoscale thin films can be applied for optical control of glass, water repellency of windshields and to repair of nicks/scratches

  27. FOOD AND BEVERAGE Nanotechnology enhancements provide: • Better, more environmentally friendly adhesives for fast food containers • Anti-bacterial properties: Nano silver coatings on kitchen tools and counter-tops kill bacteria/microbes • Improved barrier properties for carbonated beverages or packaged foods: nanocomposites slow down the flow of gas or water vapor across the container, increasing shelf life

  28. THE ENVIRONMENT Nanotechnology enhancements provide: • Improved ability to capture groundwater contaminants: nanoparticles with high surface area are injected into groundwater to bond with contaminants • Replacements for toxic materials

  29. SOME FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

  30. BODY ARMOR • Stronger materials for better protection: nanocomposites that provide unparalleled strength and impact resistance • Flexible materials for more form-fitting wearability: nanoparticle-based materials that act like “liquid armor” • Lighter weight materials: nanomaterials typically weigh less than their macroscale counterparts • Dynamic control: nanofibers that can be flexed as necessary to provide CPR to soldiers or stiffen to furnish additional protection in the face of danger Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

  31. DRUG DELIVERY • New vehicles for delivery: nanoparticles such as buckyballs or other cage-like structures that carry drugs through the body • Targeted delivery: nano vehicles that deliver drugs to specific locations in body • Time release: nanostructured material that store medicine in nanosized pockets that release small amounts of drugs over time Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

  32. CANCER • Earlier detection: specialized nanoparticles that target cancer cells only – these nanoparticles can be easily imaged to find small tumors • Improved treatments: infrared light that shines on the body is absorbed by the specialized nanoparticles in the cancer cells only, leading to an increased localized temperature that selectively kills the cancer cells but leaves normal cells unharmed Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

  33. SENSORS Nanotechnology enhancements will provide: • Higher sensitivity: high surface area of nanostructures that allows for easier detection of chemicals, biological toxins, radiation, disease, etc. • Miniaturization: nanoscale fabrication methods that can be used to make smaller sensors that can be hidden and integrated into various objects

  34. NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING Nanotechnology enhancements will provide: • The ability to control atomic scale phenomena: quantum or molecular phenomena that can be used to represent data • Faster processing speeds • Lighter weight and miniaturized computers • Increased memory • Lower energy consumption

  35. NANOROBOTICS Nanotechnology enhancements will provide: • Miniaturized fabrication of complex nanoscale systems: nanorobots that propel through the body and detect/ cure disease or clandestinely enter enemy territory for a specific task • Manipulation of tools at very small scales: nanorobots that help doctors perform sensitive surgeries

  36. WATER PURIFICATION Nanotechnology enhancements will provide: • Easier contamination removal: filters made of nanofibers that can remove small contaminants • Improved desalination methods: nanoparticle or nanotube membranes that allow only pure water to pass through • Lower costs • Lower energy use

  37. MORE ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS… Nanotechnology enhancements will provide: • Improvements to solar cells • Improvements to batteries • Improvements to fuel cells • Improvements to hydrogen storage • CO2 emission reduction: nanomaterials that do a better job removing CO2 from power plant exhaust • Stronger, more efficient power transmission cables: synthesized with nanomaterials

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