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Portable Automotive Electronic Models using Standard XML Technologies

Portable Automotive Electronic Models using Standard XML Technologies. Syed Zia Akbar Zaidi. Department of Computer and Information Science Linköpings universitet. Contributions. Defined a simple architecture definition language (ADL) Used to model the automotive electronic systems

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Portable Automotive Electronic Models using Standard XML Technologies

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  1. Portable Automotive Electronic Modelsusing Standard XML Technologies Syed Zia Akbar Zaidi Department of Computer and Information ScienceLinköpings universitet

  2. Contributions • Defined a simple architecture definition language (ADL) • Used to model the automotive electronic systems • XML representation: models portable among manufacturers and suppliers • Identified the constraints of the automotive electronic field • Types of requirements • Modelling and representation of automotive electronic requirements using XML technologies • Xlinkit, XQuery, CommonRules • Case study representing a vehicle cruise controller • Modeled using our ADL • The requirements placed on the cruise controller have been modelled using xlinkit, XQuery and CommonRules

  3. Outline • Automotive Electronics The Industry Generic Architectures The Cruise Controller • Modelling AE using XML The Merits of XML The Cruise Controller Model The Cruise Controller • Requirements Modelling Requirements on the Cruise Controller XML Technologies Xlinkit, XQuery, CommonRules • Conclusions and Future Work

  4. Embedded Systems • Automotive Electronic Systems • Complex distributed embedded systems that have important requirements safety cost, and performance. • Responsible for controlling the functionality of a vehicle.

  5. Car makers Suppliers XML Automotive Industry: Interoperability

  6. What is an ADL? • An ADL is a language that provides features for modeling a hardware and software system’s conceptual architecture. • In other way, it is a high-level description of the overall interconnection structure of an architecture. • It provides formal modeling notations for architectural elements, such as components, connectors. • It also provides development tools that operate on architectural specifications, such as configuration and constraints. • It reduces cost of development. • ADLs: • Software: ACME,Rapide, C2, Darwin, MetaH, SADL, UinCon, Wright, xArch, … • Hardware: MoML, ISDL, Valen-C, MIMOLA, LISA, nML, ARC, Axys, RADL, Target, MDES, EPRESSION, …

  7. ADL Exchange: The Merit of XML • XML highly suited for ADLs“The Merit of XML as an Architecture Description Metalanguage”, Steve Pruitt et al. • Representation • Analysis • Traceability • Views • Collaboration • Repository <!-- Example in MOML --> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE model PUBLIC "…" "http://…"> <model name="top" class="path name"> <entity name="source" class="path name"> <port name="output"/> </entity> <entity name="sink" class="path name"> <port name="input"/> </entity> <relation name="r1" class="path name"/> <link port="source.output" relation="r1"/> <link port="sink.input" relation="r1"/> </model>

  8. AE: Generic Architecture

  9. Vehicle cruise controller. • Modelled with a CPG of 32 processes and two conditions. • Mapped on 5 nodes: CEM, ABS, ETM, ECM, TCM. • Schedule: Cruise Controller Process Start WCET Resource PR1 0 0 P6 PR2 0 12 P1 PR28 0 12 P2 ARC2 12 1 B1 PR3 13 7 P2 .. .. ..

  10. XML Model for Cruise Controller • architecture.xml <NODE Name="CEM" Id="P1"> <Processor Name="AMD"><P_Type>I</P_Type></Processor> <Memory unit="KB">128</Memory> </NODE> • behaviour.xml <PROCESS Name="PR3" Id="PR3"> <WCET unit="ms">7</WCET><Memory unit="KB">2</Memory> </PROCESS> <ARC Name="ARC3" Id="ARC3"> <Src>PR3</Src><Dest>PR4</Dest><Delay unit="ms">0</Delay> </ARC> • mapping.xml <MAP Resource="P1"> <Process>PR1</Process><Process>PR2</Process><Process>PR30</Process> </MAP> • schedule.xml <SLOT Id="PR1"><Start unit="ms">0</Start><Duration unit="ms">0</Duration> <Resource>P6</Resource></SLOT> <SLOT Id="PR2"><Start unit="ms">0</Start><Duration unit="ms">12</Duration> <Resource>P1</Resource></SLOT>

  11. Requirements Engineering • RE is the branch of systems engineering concerned with • the real-world goals and constraints on systems • the relationship of these factors to precise specifications of systems behavior, and to their evolution over time and across system families. • RE Activities: • eliciting requirements • modeling and analyzing requirements • communicating requirements • agreeing requirements • evolving requirements

  12. Requirements on the Cruise Controller • Requirements on the model • The model should be consistent • Every process should be mapped to one and only one node • Every sensor/actuator should be connected • The schedule should be correct • The schedule should respect the precedence constraints • No two slots in the schedule should overlap • Cruise Controller • Timing requirements • The CC should execute within 100 ms • Resource requirements • The sum of processes’ memory on a nodeshould not exceed that node's capacity • Should be expressed using XML Technologies

  13. XQuery: An XML Query Language • W3C standard • http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery • Derived from QuiltJonathan Robie, Don Chamberlin, and Daniela Florescu • Based on XML-QL • Relevant W3C documents • XML Query Requirements • XML Query Use Cases • XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language • XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model • XQuery 1.0 Formal Semantics • XML Syntax for XQuery 1.0 (XQueryX)

  14. XQuery • To find all process names and connected sensors for processes whose worst case execution time > 10ms & memory size < 20MB. <Behavioral_Model>{ for $b in document(“Behavior.xml”)//Process where $b/WCET > 10 and $b/Memory < 20 return <Process Name = {$b/Name}>{ $b/Sensor }</Process> }</Behavioral Model> • Overview • Path expressions: XPath • Conditional expressions • FLWR (“flower”) expressions

  15. Behavioral_Model Process Sensor Name WCET Memory 12 ms PR2 10 KB CC XPath • W3C Standard • http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath • Example 1:Behavioral_Model/Process/Name • Example 2: Behavioral_Model/Process/Name [../WCET = 12] Tree Construction

  16. FOR/LET Clauses List of tuples WHERE Clause Filtered list of tuples RETURN Clause Instance of XQuery data model FLWR (“FLOWER”) Expression • “Flower” expressions FOR ... LET... FOR... LET... WHERE... RETURN... • Example: find all Processes with WCET > 14 • FOR $x IN document("behavior.xml") • // Process • WHERE $x/WCET > 14 • RETURN $x/@Id • Result: • <Process>PR6</Process> • <Process>PR8</Process> • <Process>PR31</Process>

  17. If-Then-Else • The CC should execute within 100 ms. <results>{ let $a := document("data/schedule.xml")//SLOT, $b := max(for $c in document("data/schedule.xml")//SLOT/Start returnint(string-value($c))), $d := $a[Start = $b],$e := $a[Start = $b]/Start, $f := $a[Start = $b]/Duration,$g := $b+$f return <SLOT Id={$d/@Id}>{ $e, $f} {<WCET> {$g}</WCET>, if ($g>100) then <Fault> Time Lapsed </Fault> else "WCET ok" }</SLOT>}</results>

  18. Resource Requirement Query for $map in document("data/sweb/mapping.xml")//MAP, $nod in document("data/sweb/architecture.xml")//:NODE[@Id = $map/@Resource] let $proc := document("data/sweb/behaviour.xml")//PROCESS[@Id = $map/Process] return <processor Name={$nod/@Name} Id={$nod/@Id} HasMemory={$nod/Memory/text(),$nod/Memory/@unit} MemoryUsedByScheduledProcesses={sum($proc/Memory),$nod/Memory/@unit}> { for $process in $proc return <process Name={$process/@Name} Id={$process/@Id} Memory={$process/Memory/text(),$process/Memory/@unit} /> sortby(int(substring-before(@Memory,"K"))) } </processor> sortby(int(substring-after(@Id,"P")))

  19. Resource Requirements Result query result:check_resource_consistency.xml <?xml version="1.0" ?> <quip:result xmlns:quip="http://.."> <processor Name="CEM" Id="P1" HasMemory="128KB" MemoryUsedByScheduledProcesses="20KB"> <processName="PR1" Id="PR1" Memory="1KB" /> <processName="PR31" Id="PR31" Memory="4KB" /> <processName="PR30" Id="PR30" Memory="5KB" /> <processName="PR2" Id="PR2" Memory="10KB" /> </processor> <processor Name="ABS" Id="P2" HasMemory="256KB" MemoryUsedByScheduledProcesses="25KB"> <processName="PR32" Id="PR32" Memory="1KB" /> <processName="PR27" Id="PR27" Memory="2KB" /> <processName="PR3" Id="PR3" Memory="2KB" /> <processName="PR4" Id="PR4" Memory="5KB" /> <processName="PR29" Id="PR29" Memory="7KB" /> <processName="PR28" Id="PR28" Memory="8KB" /> </processor> … </quip:result>

  20. XQuery Software • QuiP • http://www.softwareag.com/developer/downloads/default.htm • Software AG • Windows and Linux on x86 • Features • Latest W3C syntax • Graphical user interface. • Kweelt • http://kweelt.sourceforge.net/ • Open Source • Runs on all Java platforms • Problems • Older syntax, from previous W3C requirements. • No graphical user interface.

  21. Rule Language LinkGeneration Rules Rule Set Links Docunments Document Set XLink XML Rule Engine Architecture xLinkit • Xlinkit is a lightweight application service which provides rule-based link generation and checks the consistency of distributed documents and web content. • xLinkit is specially designed to validate complex documents • Semantics: first order logic

  22. Query Construction <DocumentSet name=”CruiseCtrl"> <DocFile href=”schedule.xml"/> <DocFile href=”behavior.xml"/> </DocumentSet> <RuleSet name="ScheduleRule"> <RuleFile href=“rule4.xml” xpath="/consistencyruleset/ consistencyrule"/></RuleSet> <consistencyruleset> <globalset id="schedule" xpath="/SCHEDULE/SLOT" /> <globalset id="process_behaviour" xpath="/BEHAVIOURAL_MODEL/PROCESS" /> <globalset id="arc_behaviour" xpath="/BEHAVIOURAL_MODEL/ARC" /> <consistencyrule id="r1"> <forall var="a" in="$schedule"><or> <exists var="p" in="$process_behaviour"> <and><equalop1="$a/@Id" op2="$p/@Id" /> <equalop1="$a/Duration/text()" op2="$p/WCET/text()" /></and> </exists> <exists var="c" in="$arc_behaviour"> <and><equalop1="$a/@Id" op2="$c/@Id" /> <equalop1="$a/Duration/text()" op2="$c/Delay/text()" /></and> </exists> </or> </forall> </consistencyrule></consistencyruleset>

  23. Xlinkit Results <xlinkit:ConsistencyLink ruleid="http://www.ida.liu.se/rule.xml#/ consistencyruleset/consistencyrule[1]"> <xlinkit:State>consistent</xlinkit:State> <xlinkit:Locator xlink:href="http://www.ida.liu.se/Schedule.xml#/SLOT[1]"/> <xlinkit:Locator xlink:href="http://www.ida.liu.se/Behavior.xml#/PROCESS[3]"/> </xlinkit:ConsistencyLink> <xlinkit:ConsistencyLink ruleid="http://www.ida.liu.se/rule.xml#/ consistencyruleset/consistencyrule[1]"> <xlinkit:State>inconsistent</xlinkit:State> <xlinkit:Locator xlink:href="http://www.ida.liu.se/Schedule.xml#/SLOT[3]"/> <xlinkit:Locator xlink:href="http://www.ida.liu.se/Behavior.xml#/PROCESS[15]"/> </xlinkit:ConsistencyLink>

  24. Discussion • XML technologies • Current technologies • Xlinkit: first order logic + path expressions • XQuery: relational databases + path expressions • CommonRules: logic programming • Semantic Web • DAML+OIL • RuleML

  25. Conclusions and Future Work • Simple architecture ADL with an XML representation • Modelled the cruise controller using this ADL • Automotive electronic requirements • Modelling and representation of requirements using XML technologies • Xlinkit, XQuery, CommonRules • Requirements on the cruise controller • Modelled using xlinkit, XQuery and CommonRules • Future work: • What is the advantage of using the SemanticWeb technologies? • DAML+OIL instead of XML for the ADL representation • RuleML instead of CommonRules

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