Series of Lectures on Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Development

1. HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 粮农技术与工程系列讲座 Series of Lectures on Grain & Agriculture Technology and Engineering

2. HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 中国农业科技与技术推广Chinese Agricultural Science And Technology and Technology popularization 讲解人：孙虎

3. From the history of human society development, agriculture is the beginning of productive activities. With the development of human civilization different industries were formed, but agriculture is always the foundation.

4. China is an agricultural country from time immemorial • During thousands of years our Chinese people created brilliant agricultural civilization • Ruling strategy “Agriculture is fundamental to the nation” • Our country is under transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture Fully recognize and focus on agricultural science and technology Sustaining promotion of progress and innovation of agricultural science and technology Promote transformation of achievements of agricultural science and technology • Realize agriculture benefit, peasant income increase, and agriculture sustaining development

5. Outline Chinese agricultural science and technology 1 Chinese agricultural technology popularization 2

6. 1. Chinese agricultural science and technology 1.1 Development of Chinese agricultural science and technology • Traditional experience: intensive cultivation, using and keeping, rotation cropping, interillage • Science and Technology of Modern Agriculture: to 1911, central and local agricultural experimental farms were all established • From the period of Northern Warlords Government to the civil war, Agricultural Science and Technology Institutions were destroyed, which leaded to  slow development of agricultural science and technology • After the founding of New China, central government began to establish the systems of agricultural science and research, and then the systems of agricultural scientific research institutions were established preliminarily • vigorous development and remarkable achievements in the recent 50 years

7. 1.2 Three key elements supporting agricultural S&T booming development 31878 belong to province 452belong to province 8200 belong to ministry 59 belong to ministry 582 belong to city-regions 34790 belong to city-regions 1.2.1 well-organizedagricultural research system • In total 1093 Public agricultural research institutions • In total 63900 S&T personnel • Public agricultural research institutions

8. 1.2.1 well-organizedagricultural research system • Agricultural colleges and universities There are 57 agricultural colleges and universities across the country. 11 agricultural colleges and universities belong to the central departments 46 agricultural colleges and universities belong to provinces and city-regions • Agriculture-related enterprises

9. 1.2.2 Comprehensive agricultural S&T plan and the steady increase of funds investment • National key S&T Special Projects • National sci-tech support plan • National high technology research and development plan • Basic research plan(NSFC, “973”PLAN) • Policies-guided plan • Basic conditions platform construction • Modern agricultural industry technology system • Public welfare industry (agriculture) research plan • Others More than 100 competitive plans administrated by more than 40 ministries and commissions National agricultural S&T plan (before 2014 ) :

10. 1.2.2 Comprehensive agricultural S&T plan and the steady increase of funds investment National agricultural S&T plan (Scince 2015) : Technological innovation guided plan Mega project of science research NSFC Special plan for culturing bases and talents The national key R&D plan Integrated into 5 types：

11. 1.2.2 Comprehensive agricultural S&T plan and the steady increase of funds investment • Fundamental S&T plan • Culturing talents plan • Policies-guided plan • Basic platform construction plan • Part provincial department plan • Others Provincial S&T plan ：

12. 1.2.2 Comprehensive agricultural S&T plan and the steady increase of funds investment 2000 A.D. 2009 A.D. 2000 A.D. 2008 A.D Ensure sustaining improvement of science and technology innovation ability advance booming development of agricultural science and technology and agriculture industry The input of agricultural science and technology directly determines its development • Steady increase ：5.625 billion 21.969 billion Average annual growth of 16.34% • Government input ： 3.89 billion 15.818 billionAverage annual growth of 16.87% • The ratio of government investemnt ： 69.16%about 80%

13. 1.2.3 Ensure convincing regulations of agricultural science and technology • Issued a series of law and regulations

14. From 1982 to 2016,  Party's Central  Committee and  the Sate Council issued 18 “No 1 Central Documents” concerning three rural issues: agriculture, rural areas and farmers • A series of law and regulations like Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China and  Agriculture Law of the People's Republic of China were issued to strengthen the legislation of agricultural science and technology.

15. 1.3 The main achievement of chinese agricultural science and technology • Till 2015, the number of validated agricultural technology achievements was about 60,000. • The number of rewards above ministry was more than 10000, among them the number of nationally awarded major agricultural scientific and technological achievements was about 2000. • Fine breeds coverage of main crops reached 98% • Agricultural mechanization level exceeded 61%, main  agricultural machinery variety have meeted more than 90% of domestic requirements. • Grain total quantity realized 11 year continuous increase, and exceeded 500 billion kilogram for 8 years. • Agricultural science and technology progress contributed to 56% of agricultrue increase.

16. 1.3.1 Overstepping development of fundamental and frontier technique • Researches on rice plant type development, corn genetic biology, cucumber genome and silkworm genome have reached world leading level. • Trangenic breeding acquired new breakthourgh, and heterosis utilization technology keeps leading worldwide. • Agricultural biological drug creation, food biology engineering technique and marine germplasm creation have stepped into international advanced level. • Aspects like digital agriculture and precise agriculture have made long-term progress. • The total amount of long-term storage of germplasm reached 430,000 ranking second in the world.

17. 1.3.2 Obvious progress in developmental and applied research • Since 1978, cultivated over 50 animal breeds such as jinghai yellow chicken, xianan cattle and over 60 new breeds of aquatic products like “nanhai No. 1” shrimp • Super rice, hybrid corn, hybrid rape and insect pest resistant cotton reach international leading level. Main crop breeds have replaced 3-5 times. • The control technique targeting animal epidemic disease likebird flu and foot-and-mouth disease  and zoonotic disease has made breakthrough and reached international advanced level • Created and popularized a series of resource efficient and environment-friendly techniques, realized quality increase of low yield area and continuous improvement of agricultural eco-enviroment. • The key techniques of quality safety like pesticide residue detection and source of pollutants have reached international leading level.

18. 2. Chinese agro-technique popularization 2.1 History of Chinese agro-technique popularization system • Since ancient time primitive agro-tech activity appeared: “Quannong劝农”，“Kesang课桑” and “Jiaojia教稼” • Since late 19th century promotion of modern agricultural technique budded: set up agriculture school, agriculture testing field etc • During 20-30's of last century, higher colleges began to set agro-technique division. • In 1929 first agro-technique law "agriculture extension regulation" • During Kuomintang government period, established different levels of agro-technique organization • Since establishment of People’s Republic of China, comprehensive establishment of agro-technique organization and formation of current agro-technique extension system and model.

19. 2.2 Status of Chinese agro-technique popularization system 2.2.1 Agro-technique institution organized by govenment • Five level extension web from central government to village Central government: The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center  Provincial and city level: agro-technique station, seed station, plant protection station and soil and fertilizer station County and village level: face to peasants, the basis of current agro-technique organization • Now, agro-technique organization: about 100000, agro-technique staff: more than 800000. • Among the agro-technique funding, the ratio of central government and local government is 1:9 National, provincial and municipal agro-tech organization is fully funded by goverment County and village agro-tech organization is funded as follows:1. from regular financial fee,2. from uncertain funding from superior department,3.profit from various ways

21. 2.2.2 Popularization of agricultural science and research and education institutions In public welfare way popularization of agriculture new technique and breeding: Versatile funding source: promotion project funding, unit-raised funding, cooperating unit funding • Establish stable relationship with local government or rural economic cooperation organization through contract, and conduct activities like achievement transfer, technique exploitation and technology demonstration etc. • Develop products directly from agricultural achievement and technique, and apply to the households directly • Establish demonstration basis of new technique and achievements of agriculture

22. 2.2.3 Popularization of Rural Economic Cooperation Organization Versatile funding source: solved by member funding collection • Based on the household contract management, various forms of new types of rural economic cooperation organization such as professional societies and cooperatives are focused on peasants as main body and technique staff as consultant. • Strengthen the contact with agricultural science and research and education institutions in order to search and popularize new technique and breeding, making up the popularization gap between extension organization and countryside unit.

23. 2.2.4 Popularization of supply and marketing cooperative Supply and marketing cooperatives are increasingly involved in popularization of agro-technique : • Can pass the new technique and breeding as well as market requirement to technique development department, then technicians conduct technique import, development and training of peasants • When selling the production materials supply the techniques to peasants

24. 2.2.5 Popularization of agriculture companies • The companies which use agriculture products for processing usually adopt the integration of supply-production-sale, "key compay +agriculture household+base" industrialized operation model needs import and spread new technique and breeding according to market acquirement • Companies producing production materials always invest positively to popularize relevant new technique as sales promotion.

25. 2.2.6 Popularization of technology model household Technology model households master a lot of agricultural new technique through various ways, and test by themselves, thereby bring the wide application of new breeds and technique.

26. 2.2.7 Current new type of agro-technique • Technology correspondent system • Agriculture spark technology expert yard • Informatization technique service in rural area

27. 2.3 Relevant regulations concerning chinese agro-technique popularization • In 1993 Law of the  People's Republic of China on the Popularization of Agricultural Technology issued and implemented, indicating that agro-techniques are legalized • Till 2015 except the above law our country have issued and implemented over 20 regulations on agro-technique Play important roles in promoting agricultural achievements and technique transformation, ensuring agriculture healthy development and realizing modernization of agriculture

28. 2.4 Probe for chinese agricultural technology popularization • Strengthen public welfare service of agricultural technology extension from the bottom • Guide science and research institution to positively develop agricultural technology service • Cultivate and support new types of agricultural socialized service organization • Cultivate new type of peasants who are adapting to modern agriculture (professional peasants included)

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