Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing

1. Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing An Introduction Get out paper to take notes title it the above

2. Notes format • Question and Answer “T-chart” • Copy the question and the most important information for your answer.

3. What’s the difference? • Quotationsmust be exactly like the original. They must match the source document word for word and must reference where you got your information from • Paraphrasinginvolves putting a passage from source material into your own words while keeping some of what the author wrote. must reference where you got your information from. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage and make some general statements and specific statements about your topic. • Summarizinginvolves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). must reference where you got your information from. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

4. Why should I use them? • Makes your information trustworthy or “credible.” • Think of the analogy of Bubba. SUPPORTING RESEARCH INFORMATION TOPIC BEING DICUSSED

5. How do I start? • Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. • Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. • Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. • Highlight any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly

6. How do I paraphrase? Paraphrasing 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing • 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. • 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. • 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. • 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. • 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. • 6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

7. Example of Paraphrasing As discussed in the biography on PBS’s American Experience web page, sharpshooter Annie Oakley lived through a period of many liberating changes for women, from the Victorian era through the first quarter of the 20th century. Examples include voting rights for women as well as the freedom to wear comfortable and practical clothing (Annie Oakley). Include on your Works Cited page: “Annie Oakley: In a Man’s World.” American Experience. 2006. PBS Online. 19 May 2008. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oakley/sfeature/sf_excerpts.h ml>.

8. Summarizing To summarize • Record the author, title, year of publication and source of the text. • Skim the text. Note any sub-headings, or try to divide the text into sections. • Read the text carefully. Use a dictionary if necessary, and be prepared to read very difficult texts more than once. • Pay special attention to the first and last paragraphs. Try to identify the main idea or argument. • Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph. • Identify the main support for the topic sentence. • Write the topic sentence of your summary. Include the author’s name, the title of the text, the year of publication and the author’s main idea or argument

9. Example of Summarizing Sharpshooter Annie Oakley lived through the first quarter of the 20th century and fought for voting rights for women as well as the freedom to wear comfortable and practical clothing (Annie Oakley, PBS 2006). Include on your Works Cited page: “Annie Oakley: In a Man’s World.” American Experience. 2006. PBS Online. 19 May 2008. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oakley/sfeature/sf_excerpts.h ml>.

10. Quoting • Steps to quote a source • Read the text • Find the passage you want to use • Copy the passage you want to use • Place quotation marks around what you want to quote • Reference your source by citing the information.

11. Example of Direct Quote “In some urban classrooms, children arrive without any notion of sharing behavior. If they have grown up as street survivors, without strong early mediation for sharing, they may come to school ready to do battle to the death” (Rodriguez and Bellanca 135).

12. Example of Paraphrased Citation To cite, we use the author’s last name of the “book” or Company that made the website, and the “page number” or year published. • For example: In the text of your paper: • The first gambling Web site appeared in 1995, and online gambling has since become the most lucrative Internet business (Will 92). • or,George Will reported that in 2002 Internet gambling surpassed other website content to become the Internet's most lucrative business (92). • In your Works Cited list: Will, George F. "Electronic Morphine." Newsweek 25 Nov. 2002: 92.

13. What would the in-text citation be? From a Book • Kreider, Jan F., ed. Handbook of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. Boca Raton: CRC, 1993. From a Website • Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.

14. Bibliography and Image Source Page • Your bibliography should look like the next slide. • You Images used page should look like the next slide also. • It should be in alphabetical order.

15. Bibliography Fleming, Carolyn. “Creating a bibliography.” [Powerpoint]. Arlington, VA, 2008. Oregon State Library and Information Services.Citation examples. 18 Nov 2005.<www.oslis.edu> Smith, Edward. “How to ride a bike.” World Book online. Web. 20 Nov. 2005 Variousimages. Microsoft clipart. 21 Apr 2009Victoria Shanghai Academy. “What is a bibliography?” [Powerpoint]. Hong Kong, 2007.

16. Questions??