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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. The Greek. Paragraph 3.1. The Greek World. Autonomous city-states. Greece consists of a mainland and hundreds of islands . The mainland was devided by plains , valleys , hills and mountains .

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 The Greek

  2. Paragraph 3.1 The Greek World.

  3. Autonomouscity-states • Greece consists of a mainlandandhundreds of islands. • The mainland was devidedbyplains, valleys, hillsandmountains. • When the Greeks made villages, the agricultural society becameanagricultural-urban society. • But itbecamenot 1 country, like Egypt.

  4. It becamedevided in 150 completelyautonomouscommunities. • = citiesthat are ruledlike small kingdoms. • A citylikethat was called a polis. • ( plural: poleis) • It was a city-state. • Notbiggerthan 1 citywithitssurroundings. • Theyall had theirownarmy, governmentandrules.

  5. Our word “politics” comesfrom the word polis. • Politics means: the government of a state. • Athens was the largest polis. • Otheroneswere Sparta andCorinth.

  6. Everycity-state had anacropolis. • It was a rock or hill, with extra defencessoit was easy todefend. • When the city-state was attacked the peoplecouldhidethere. • On the acropoliswere the most important buildings, liketemples.

  7. Agricultureandcolonisation • Greek farmers cultivated ( =grew) olives, grapesforwine, fruit, vegetablesandgrain. • But because of all the hills most land couldn’tbeusedforagriculture. • When the populationgrew, the Greeksneeded more arable land for food. • So the Greeks went lookingfor new land. • = expeditions.

  8. For 200 years the Greekswould built new Greeksettlements= colonies. • Mainlyaround the Mediterraneanand Black Sea. • The coloniesbecameautonomouspoleis, but werefriendlyto the originalcity-state where the Greekscamefrom.

  9. The Greekscalledthemselves “Hellenes” and Greece was called “Hellas”. • The name “Greece” was given later, by the Romans.

  10. Industry • Everycity-state had an agora. • It was an open square in the middle of the city-state. • It was the commercial, socialandpoliticalcentre of the state. • There was a market, but alsogovernment buildings, templesandstoa’s. (= galleryto walk)

  11. Stoa • Friendscould meet here • Scholarsdebated or read • Merchants traded. • Around the agora wereall kind of craftsmen: • Industry: ( = making products) Potters, blacksmith, baker, mason, weaver, painter, shipbuilder.

  12. Means of existence • Agriculture • Trade andindustry • Fishing was also important. • Travellingby water was easy.

  13. International trade • Because of the colonisation, the area whereGreekscouldselltheirproducts ( area of distribution) grewbigger. • Merchants couldselltheirproductsall over the Mediterraneansea. • Andtheyalsoboughtthings: • Papyrus andgrainfrom Egypt. • Timberandfurfrom Italy, • Spicesfromindia, likepepperandcinnamon.

  14. Meeting of cultures • Because of trademany cultures would meet. • The Greeksadoptedandcopiedthingsfrom the other cultures; • Phoenicianalphabetbecame later the Greekalphabet. (became later the Latin alphabet of the Romans) • The Greeksalsocopiedusingmoneyfrom Turkey. No more bartering ( = ruilen) but a monetaryeconomy.

  15. Athenian society • The city-state Athens consisted of 4 groups. • All had ownrights. • First group: free, adult men thatwere born in Athans. The more land theyowned, the more status they had. People who had a paid job werelower. • Second group: foreignersfromothercity-states. Theycouldn’town land.

  16. Thirdgroup: women. Couldn’town a house or land. Had few rights. Take care of the house andchildren. • Fourthgroup: slaves. Theywere private property and had no rights. • Slaveswerequitenormal in Greece. • 1/3 of allpeoplewereslaves. • Sometimescapturedpeopleduring a war andsoldthem al slaves.

  17. Slaves • Did a lot of work, so important to the economy. • Worked in silvermines, on the fields, helped the house, andwereteachers. • Werealsocivilservantsthathelpedgoverning the country.

  18. Spartan society • Sparta controlled large part of the Peloponnese, southern part of the Greekislands. ( = peninsula) • There was no acropolis. • Theyneeded a very strong army. • When boys were 7 yearsold, theyweretrainedforbeing a soldier. • Theylived in barracks in bad circumstances.

  19. We stilluse the word “Spartan” for a toughsituation. • Girls weretreated the same. • A second group in Sparta were the captives: peoplefromareasthatwerecapturedby Sparta. Theyweresubjugatedby Sparta (= ruled) the peoplewerecalled: helots. • Thirdgroup: inhabitants of small city-statesthatlistenedto Sparta. Theywerecalled: “dwellersaround”, and had theirowngovernment but paidtaxesto Sparta.

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