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Fertility Restoration in Garlic EU project “Garlic and Health” - Work Package 2

Fertility Restoration in Garlic EU project “Garlic and Health” - Work Package 2. Rina Kamenetsky and Haim D. Rabinowitch Idit London, Marina Baizerman, Ada Harazy and Amit Shiftan. Background information. Garlic ( Allium sativum ) is a completely sterile plant, propagated only vegetatively.

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Fertility Restoration in Garlic EU project “Garlic and Health” - Work Package 2

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  1. Fertility Restoration in Garlic EU project “Garlic and Health” - Work Package 2 Rina Kamenetsky and Haim D. Rabinowitch Idit London, Marina Baizerman, Ada Harazy and Amit Shiftan

  2. Background information Garlic (Allium sativum) is a completely sterile plant, propagated only vegetatively Increase of genetic variation occurs only via random or induced mutations, new cultivars are bred by clonal selection Allium longicuspis from Central Asia, a member of the garlic taxon, is probably the most primitive one.

  3. Sterility was assumed to result from(Etoh & Simon, 2002) • Nutritional competition between floral and vegetative buds in the developing inflorescence (Koul and Gohil, 1970) • Degeneration of the tapetum (Novak, 1972) • Degenerative-like disease (Konvicka, 1973) • Chromosomal deletions (Etoh, 1985) • Hormonal imbalance and competition for resources between the simultaneously forming bulb, growing cloves and developing inflorescence (Pooler & Simon, 1994)

  4. Garlic clones are classified according to their ability to bolt: 1. Complete bolting: long stalk with many flowers and topsets 2. Incomplete bolting: thin short stalk with a few large topsets 3. Nonbolting: producing only cloves inside incomplete scape (Takagi, 1990)

  5. Missions to Central Asia in 2000 and 2001, resulted in a collection of 241 accessions, including wild populations and land-races.

  6. Incomplete-bolting accession Bolting accession

  7. Bolting garlic

  8. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. (2004) Developmental Physiology Environmental Control of Garlic Growth and Florogenesis Rina Kamenetsky, Idit London Shafir, Hanita Zemah, Amalia Barzilay and H. D. Rabinowitch

  9. SD SD SD Treatment number 20/12C LD 1 20/120C 20/12C 2 SD 23/15C LD 23/150C 3 SD 23/15C SD 4 23/15C 20/120C LD 5 LD SD 20/12C 6 20/12C SD 20/120C 7 20/12C SD 8 20/12C SD 9 23/15C SD 10 23/15C SD 20/120C 11 23/15C SD 12 23/15C 13 SD 1 - 8 9 10 11 12 13 Weeks of experiment Fig. 1. Phytotron thermo- and photo-period treatments in 2001-2002 experiments. Propagation bulbs were subjected to 60 days of constant storage temperature at 40C prior to planting. Short days (SD) = 10 hrs insolation; Long days (LD) = 10 hrs sunlight followed by 10 hrs of incandescent light.

  10. Plants under continuous SP did not bolt and produced numerous axillary leaves

  11. Following stratification, seeds were sown in November

  12. March, 2002 Garlic nursery: A general view Individual garlic seedling, accession No. 500

  13. Growth temperatures 20/12 – 23/150C

  14. T F mean leaf no. mean leaf no. bolters Mean leaf number No. of accessions incomplete-bolters

  15. F T Frequency distribution of scape length (42 accessions)

  16. Date of spathe breaking Physiological parameters of bolting garlic (42 accessions)

  17. 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm skin colour bulbing ability bulb size and clove formation Newly-formed bulbs from seeds varied by…

  18. Publications: • Kamenetsky, Rina and H. D. Rabinowitch (2001). Floral development in bolting garlic. Sexual Plant Reproduction 4, 235-241 • Kamenetsky, Rina, Idit London Shafir, Hanita Zemah, Amalia Barzilay and H. D. Rabinowitch (2004). Environmental control of garlic growth and florogenesis. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. (in press)

  19. Hanita Zemah Ada Harazy Idit London Shafir Amit Shiftan Amalia Barzilay Marina Baizerman Yizhak Forer SPECIAL THANKS

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