Greek and Latin Roots and Stems

1. Greek and Latin Roots and Stems Mrs. Mulhern GVHS

2. Lesson Objectives • Students will understand the importance of studying Greek and Latin roots and stems. • Students will compare and contrast positive and negative connotations of words. • Students will decipher unfamiliar words using context clues and their knowledge of roots and stems.

3. Why do we study roots and stems? • Roots and stems are parts of words. • By knowing what the parts of an unfamiliar word mean, we are more likely to be able to figure out the meaning of the word. Stem auto = self Root bio = life Stem graphy = write / written

4. Etymology • What do you think the word etymology means??? • Are there any familiar parts of the word? • logy/ology: the study or science of

5. Etymology • Etymology is the study of the history of words, where they are from, and how they have changed over time. • The English language is a melting pot of many different languages. • Many of our words have origins in Greek and Latin.

6. Etymology Practice • Number 1-26 on a piece of scratch paper. • Try to figure out the meanings of as many of the following words as you can. Hint: think of other words that contain the same roots and stems as these words. Atheism Antiphony Symbiosis Bibliophile Phiology Hypodermic Polygamy Biannual Androgynous Biped Patriarch Anthropocentric Democracy Pedogogy Cephalopod Phonics Hemophiliac Heliocentric Terrarium Hydrocephalus Chronological Matricide Pyromaniac Theocracy Monochromatic Apathetic

7. Denotation and Connotation • A word’s denotation is its dictionary definition. • What is the denotation of the word “summer”? • A word’s connotation is the emotional response (positive or negative) you experience when you hear a word. • What are some of the connotations you think of when you hear the word “summer”?

8. Positive and Negative Connotations

9. Unit 1: Directions(#1-40)

10. Roots and Stems #1-10 • circum: around • cyclo: circle • extra, ultra: beyond • inter: between • intro: into • ex: out • un, il, im, in: not • macro, mega: large • micro: small • medi, meso: middle

11. Roots and Stems #11-20 • meta, muta: change • morph: shape, form • epi: on • endo, intra: within • dis: away • flu: flow • fract, rupt: break • grad: step, go • ortho: straighten • dia, trans: across

12. Roots and Stems #21-30 • de: down • fer, gest, phor, port: carry • ject: throw • junct: join • act, fic, fice: do, drive, make • anti, an, a, contra: against • co, con, com, comp, sym, syn: together, with • pre, pro: before • post: after • clud, clus: close

13. Roots and Stems #31-40 • sub, hypo: under • super, sur, hyper: over • infra: below • vert, flex, flect: turn, bend • lat: side • loco: place • tele: far • para, peri: beside, near • re: again • retro: backward

14. Unit 2: People and Society #41-80

15. Roots and Stems #41-50 • demo, soc, pop: people • psych: mind, spirit • path: feeling • logo: thought, logic, reason • etho: morals, ethics • bio, vit, viv: life • dei, theo: God, religion • cred, fid: believe • cogn, sci: know • amor, phil, phile: love

16. Roots and Stems #51-60 • phobia: fear • soph: wisdom • ver: truth • psuedo: false • aristo: best born • ethno: race or culture • urb: city • rur: country • greg: group • dict, logue, loq: say, speak

17. Roots and Stems #61-70 • clam: cry out • dorm, somn, hypn: sleep • spec, vis, vid, scop: see, look • audi, son, phon: hear, sound • photo, phos, lum: light • voc: voice • cant: sing • fem, femin, gyn: woman • andro: male • anthro, anthrop, hum: human being

18. Roots and Stems #71-80 • ego, auto: self, I • dom, arch, cracy, crat, gov, reg: rule • patr, pater: father • mater, matri: mother • frat: brother • soror: sister • gam: marriage • ped: child • ism: system or doctrine • ist: one who

19. Unit 3: Nature #81-100

20. Roots and Stems #81-90 • zo, faun: animal • herb: plant • avi, ornith: bird • bov: cow or oxen • can: dog • fel: cat • saur: lizard • flor: flower • astr, stel, cosmo: outer space, stars, universe • aqua, hydro, mar: water

21. Roots and Stems #91-100 • agri, agro: field, crop • terr, geo: land, Earth • therm: heat • flam, pyro, ign: fire • fum: smoke • heli, helio: sun • luna: moon • itis, patho: disease • nat: born, birth • mort, necro: death

22. Unit 4: Parts of the Body #101-120

23. Roots and Stems #101-110 • manu: hand • cephal, cephalo, cap: head • neuro: brain, nerve • emia, hema: blood • derm: skin • cor, cour, cardio: heart • vascu, spir: lungs and breathing • corp, som: body • brac: arm • opt, ocul: eye

24. Roots and Stems #111-120 • dent, dont: teeth • lingu: tongue • bronch: throat • ped, pod: foot • osteo: bone • carn: flesh • ovi: egg • tact, tang, sens: touch, feel • kin: motion • aholic: addicted

25. Unit 5: Numbers & Measurement #121-150

26. Roots and Stems #121-130 • num: number • gen: origin • chron, temp: time • meter: measure • uni, mono, solo, sol: one • du, bi, di: two • tri: three • tetra, quad: four, fourths • cinc, cinq, pent, quin: five • hex: six

27. Roots and Stems #131-140 • hepta, septa: seven • oct: eight • nona: nine • deca: ten • cent: 100 • milli: 1000 • enni, ann: year • demi, sem, semi, hemi: half • poly: many • omni, pan: all

28. Roots and Stems #141-150 • olig: few • amphi: both • neo, nov: new • ult, fin: last, end • freq: often • sect: cut • sequ, secu: follow • vac: empty • gram, graph, scrib: written • logy, ology: study or science of

29. Unit 6: Miscellaneous #151-168

30. Roots and Stems #161-168 • homo: same • hetero: different • idio: peculiar • tox: poison • ish, oid: like or resembling • mania: madness • ness: quality • pac: peace

31. Roots and Stems #151-160 • nym, nom: name • eu, bene, bon: good • bel, bele, mal, mis: bad • chrom: color • curs, curr: run • biblio: book • leg: read • brev: short • grav: heavy • struct: build