Rocky Harris Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom How to measure the impact of our consu

1. Rocky Harris Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom How to measure the impact of our consumption on the rest of the world London Group New York 19 - 21 June 2006

2. Background • Public consultation on decoupling indicators • Consultation on Department’s research priorities • Independent Sustainable Development Commission recommendations • Popularity of “consumption perspective” (eg eco-footprinting) • Statements in UK strategies

3. UK Sustainable Development Strategy, March 2005 “Past environmental policy focused mainly on pollution from domestic production activities. “We now need a wider and more developed approach that focuses across the whole life cycle of goods, services and materials, also includes economic and social impacts, and in particular encompasses impacts outside the UK. “There would be little value in reducing environmental impacts within the UK if the result were merely to displace those impacts overseas.”

4. Policy themes • International policy coherence • Potential relevance to trade negotiations • Integrates development aid policies etc • Working in partnership • Supports country dialogues, export of best practice, improved product design • Also supports dialogues with industry – CSR and management of upstream impacts • Raising domestic awareness

5. Raising domestic awareness • Permits forecasts of the future impact of current trends • Raises awareness and triggers behaviour change • Enables improved reporting of sustainability indicators • Encourages harmonised reporting • Allows more meaningful international comparisons

6. An initial typology of processes Trade in goods and services • Extraction of raw materials • Production of goods and services • Use of exports • Trade in waste (and dumping of unwanted surpluses) • International transport of imports • Tourism • Tank tourism Tourism • Cross-boundary flows • Bio-prospecting • Culture and ideas Other flows • International aid (including charities) • Overseas investments, lending, rent income etc Financial flows

7. Social dimensions • Click to add text!

8. Extraction of raw materials Sources Process Impacts Economy-wide MFA CITES International trade statistics Agricultural, fisheries and forest yield data Biodiversity hotspots, protected areas, Red List database Satellite imagery Wildlife and habitats Land use Displacement of unused material/pollution Extraction of traded commodities

9. 9,000 used • 85,000 unused • 3 used • 6mt unused • 5mt used • 11mt unused • 6,000 used • 55,000 unused • 5 used • 11mt unused • 3.3mt used • 7.1mt unused • 2.8mt used • 6.0mt unused • 8,000 used • 79,000 unused • 4 used • 9mt unused Used and unused UK imports (tonnes/year) 2004 Russia Canada Brazil Botswana S. Africa Australia DiamondsIron Ore Coal

10. Indirect flows of specified commodities into the UK

11. Area of land used by products imported by UK 2004 (ha) 7,373 (9% of production) 3,682 (8% of production) 5,011 (13% of production Dominican Rep. Costa Rica Total land area 45,700 Cameroon Brazil 422,675 (2% of production) Soy Bananas

12. Association between sensitive areas of biodiversity and soy production

13. Unused material moved through extraction of materials imported to UK (mt)

14. Production and transport of imported goods Process Sources Impacts International trade statistics Environmental accounts (NAMEA) linked with I-O tables International passenger survey Food miles estimates Production of imported goods (and services) Tank tourism Transport of imports Embedded emissions Virtual water Resource use and Waste Transport emissions NB virtual water relates to raw commodities

15. Imports of goods into the UK (mt)

16. UK residents’ and embedded emissions from imports (mtCO2)

17. Embedded Water in UK Imports (m³/year) 2004 80.5 million 103.1 million 56.7 million Dominican Rep. 1.05 billion Costa Rica Cameroon Brazil Soy Bananas

18. CO2 food imports transport emissions overseas (kt)

19. Waste exported from the UK (tonnes/year) 2004 11,201 1,098,675 Canada 1.1 62,973 348,548 Germany 0.05 France Kazakhstan 7 China India Hong Kong 191,221 Indonesia 320,544 MunicipalPaper Plastic

20. Tourism Process Sources Impacts International passenger survey Balance of payments International air operators Tourist offices Business foreign travel Private tourism Emissions Resource use Biodiversity (eg coral reefs)

22. CO2 emissions from tank tourism (mtCO2)

23. Other flows Process Sources Impacts CLRPTAP Pollution inventories Cross-boundary flows Bio-prospecting Culture and ideas Depositions and air quality Loss of ownership over natural resources

24. Cross-boundary flows Nitrogen dioxide emissions 1990-2000

25. Bio-prospecting, culture and ideas • Click to add text!

26. Monetary flows Process Sources Impacts Balance of Payments International aid (direct and through international organisations) Direct foreign investment and related monetary flows ???

27. UK public expenditure on biodiversity overseas (£ million)

28. UK public expenditure on development aid (£ million) Bilateral aid Multilateral aid

29. Net direct investment and net investment earnings by UK companies in non-OECD countries Net direct investment Net earnings

30. An initial typology of tools • Environmental accounts combined with Trade data, plus case studies etc Trade in goods and services • Extraction of raw materials • Production of goods • Use of exports • Trade in waste • International transport of imports • Tourism • Tank tourism • Case studies Tourism • Cross-boundary flows • Bio-prospecting • Culture and ideas • ??? Other flows • International aid • Overseas investments, lending, rent income etc • ??? Financial flows