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Molecular genetics of HIV-1 strains spreading in Russia

Explore the molecular genetics of HIV-1 strains spreading in Russia as discussed at the 4th World Congress on Virology in 2014. Learn about zoonotic factors like ABOBEC3G & TRIM5a, subtypes in Russia, and the emergence of new strains. Discover the HIV epidemic trends, genetic variability, and the fight against infectious diseases. Get insights into viral properties, tropism, and treatment strategies. The research highlights the importance of understanding HIV genetics for effective control and prevention.

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Molecular genetics of HIV-1 strains spreading in Russia

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  1. Molecular genetics of HIV-1 strains spreading in Russia Edward Karamov Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow 4th World Congress on Virology,6-8 October 2014, San Antonio

  2. Worldwide: 35 mln HIV+, 35 mln died • In 2014: 2 mln new infections 1.3 mln deaths 14 mln receive HAART

  3. Emergence of zoonoses:

  4. ABOBEC3G & TRIM5a are important for the host tropismus of HIV & SIV Restriction factors usually have broad antiviral activity HIV & SIV are resistant against the antiviral factors of their own hosts Adapted from Ho & Bieniasz Cell, 2008 Adaptation of SIVcpz to chimpanzees paved the way for the spread of HIV-1 in humans: SIVcpz is resistant against human ABOBEC3G & TRIM5a

  5. Specific features of HIV epidemic at this stage • The principal route of HIV transmission is still associated with intravenous drug use (60% in 2013) • Persons aged 15-30 account for more than 60% of the HIV-infected population • A steady growth in the occurrence of HIV infection among women tends to persist • Intravenous drug use becomes more widespread, sex industry undergoes further development • The number of late-stage patients in need of antiretroviral chemotherapy increases

  6. A/B 0% C,D,G,F,H A/B 4% А F (E,H) В 5% 5% 8% 5% G 23% В D 42% 6% C А 16% 86% HIV-1 subtypes in RUSSIA in 1994 in 2000 Source: E.Karamov et al., 2000

  7. A/B (4%) A (93%) B (2%) Genetic subtypes of HIV-1 in Russia Homogeneity (А - > 93%) (IDUs + heterosexuals) Low degree ofgenetic variability (2-8%)

  8. Whole genome sequence of the CRF-02 A/G recombinantisolated from a patient with acute HIV-1 infection

  9. 94 full-genome sequences: 12countries + the first full-genome sequence from Russia Non-clustered: CAMEROON GHANA NIGERIA SENEGAL SPAIN CYPRUS USA OUTGROUP New A1 Sequence, Moscow New AG Sequence, Moscow Phylogenetic tree of CFR02_AG recombinants UZBEKISTAN SOUTH KOREA FRANCE

  10. Full-length genome sequences obtained for ten Russian HIV isolates

  11. Mosaic structure of the CRF63_02AG recombinant N. Shcherbakova et. al., AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2014

  12. Biological properties of HIV isolates Table 1. Comparison of infectious activity of HIV-1 Table 2. Replication ability of HIV-1 in PBMC and diverse cell lines Table 4. Syncytium formation induced by HIV-1 strains Table 3. Tropism of Russian HIV-1 isolates to coreceptors Table 5. Levels of HIV-1 infection in the presence of diverse concentrations of AZT (percentages of inhibitor-free control)

  13. Isolation of new HIV-1 strains • Viruses isolated from early seroconverters or patients with acute HIV-1 infection; • Most strains have the S/L phenotype; • 70% strains fail to infect PBMC,7% strains are dual tropic and phenotypically intermediate (between S/L- and R/H-forms).

  14. Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1 (new mosaic viruses A1  CRF63_02AG) • More infectious; • More Env per particle; • Increased interaction with DC; • More resistant to interferon alpha.

  15. G8 declaration on the fight against infectious diseases St. Petersburg, July 16, 2006 20.We [the G8 leaders)] remain committed to our Sea Island Summit initiative on creation of a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, and reaffirm our determination to bring it to fruition. We are convinced that there is a need to enhance the scientific and technical capacities in this area at the global, regional and national levels. In this regard, we welcome the Russian proposal to establish a regional coordination mechanismto promote HIV vaccine development in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and call for this initiative to be carefully coordinated with the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise. We also welcome  coordination of activities and the cooperation between the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise and other global initiatives and North/South partnerships active in this field, such as the European and Developing countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) on clinical trials in Africa.

  16. Acknowledgments: Institute of Virology, Russia G. Kornilaeva,F. Moskaleichik, A. Tatarintsev, A. Turgiev Institute of Immunology, Russia R. Khaitov, M. Khaitov, I. Sidorovich Instituto de Salud Carlos III, SpainM. Thomson National Cancer Institute, U.S.A. B. O’Keefe

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