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Bluetooth Measurement Overview

This session provides an in-depth overview of Bluetooth concepts, architectures, transmitter and receiver testing protocols, and solutions offered by Agilent Technologies. Topics span network topology, radio frequency plans, link budgets, packet formats, link types, and RF test suite structures for assessing Bluetooth devices' performance. Attendees will gain insights into transmitter characteristics, radio frequency testing techniques, and measurement setups. Join Randy Chen, Senior AE, for a comprehensive exploration of Bluetooth testing methodologies by Agilent Technologies.

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Bluetooth Measurement Overview

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  1. Bluetooth Measurement Overview • 安捷倫科技股份有限公司 • 電子儀器事業群業務部

  2. H Agenda • Bluetooth Concept & Architecture 10Min • Transmiter Test 45Min • Receiver Test 25Min • Agilent Bluetooth Solution 15Min • Q & A 20Min

  3. Solutions for Bluetooth Testing byAgilent Technologies Randy Chen , Senior AE

  4. Network Topology - Piconet Example • master connects up to 7 slaves and 200+ slaves in lower power modes • each piconet with capacity 1 Msps • unique hopping pattern / ID • each device can be master or slave

  5. Applications TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Control Data Audio L2CAP Link Manager Baseband RF Bluetooth Protocol Stack GLOSSARY TCP/IP - TransmissionControl Protocol / InternetProtocol HID - Human Interface Driver L2CAP - Logical Link Controland Adaptation Protocol LMP - Link Manager Protocol

  6. Radio Specification • Operates in unlicensed ISM band at ~ 2.4GHz • Frequency hopping • 1600 hops/s nominal • 3200 hops/s Page and Inquiry modes • TDMA/TDD • each slot duration 625 ms including 220 ms guard time • packets may occupy 1, 3 or 5 slots • 1 Msps capacity per piconet

  7. Radio Frequency Plan • USA & Europe (except France and Spain) - 79 channels each with 1 MHz • France, Spain & Japan - 23 channels each with 1 MHz, also in the 2.4 GHz range

  8. C/I = 21 dB NF = 23 dB Link Budget TX power 0 dBm -40 RX power @ 1m -70 RX power @ 10m noise floor -91 -114 kTB

  9. Transmitter Characteristics • Tx power • nominal 0 dBm • -30 to +20 dBm range, with power control required above 0 dBm • regulated by RSSI • -20 dB bandwidth of 1 MHz • more details in the BT specifications

  10. General Packet Format • Payload contains • voice, data or control • information • CRC for data packets, • none for voice packets • Channel Access Code (CAC) • Device Access Code (DAC) • Inquiry Access Code (IAC)

  11. SCO Link Type • Synchronous Connection-Oriented links Circuit switched connection • Full duplex, symmetric services • Slots reserved at fixed intervals • Four different packet types - HV1, HV2, HV3 and DV • Packet type determined by signal quality (FER, BER) and traffic load • 64 kbps voice applications

  12. ACL Link Type • Asynchronous Connectionless links Packet switched connection without reserved frames • Asynchronous and isochronous services; Symmetric and asymmetric operation • Packets occupy 1, 3 or 5 time slots • Polling access scheme • Eight different packet types - DM1, DM3, DM5, DH1, DH3, DH5, DV, AUX1 • Used for both control message and regular data transfer

  13. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure • Transmitter Test • (1) Output Power • (2) Power Density • (3) Power Control • (4) TX Output Spectrum-Frequency Range • (5) TX Output Spectrum-20 dB Bandwidth • (6) TX Output Spectrum-Adjacent Channel Power • (7) Modulation Characteristics • (8) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance • (9) Carrier Frequency Drift

  14. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure • Transceiver Test • (1) Out-of-Band Spurious Emission

  15. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure • Receiver Test • (1) Sensitivity – Single slot packets • (2) Sensitivity – Multi slot packets • (3) C/I Performance • (4) Blocking Performance • (5) Intermodulation Performance • (6) Maximum Input Level

  16. Measurement Setup 1 ( Transmitter Test) Set DUT into test mode PC controller Transmitter mode VSA or ESA Bluetooth DUT RF output RF input ESG-D

  17. Measurement Setup 2 ( Transmitter Test) Enable test mode PC controller E1852A Racer RF output Bluetooth DUT Through cable or By air

  18. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (1) Output Power • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on • measurement bandwidth 3 MHz • average power < 100 mW (20dBm) EIRP • peak power < 200mW (23 dBm) EIRP • power-class-dependent limits • Solutions • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  19. Output Power Measurement • Measure average and peak power of burst 20% to 80% 3dB points p0 or RF synch • Trigger on burst/hop • Averaging • Pass/fail limits

  20. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (2) Power Spectral Density • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on • power density < 100 mW per 100 kHz EIRP • Solutions • ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer (freerun)

  21. Transmitter Measurements Power Spectral Density

  22. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (3) Power Control • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • measurement bandwidth 3MHz • 2dB < step size < 8dB • at min power step Pav < 4dBm for power class 1 device • Solutions • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  23. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing • (4) Output Spectrum - Frequency Range • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • RBW = 100 kHz, VBW = 300 kHz • find fL , fH (spectral power density drop below -30dBm) • fL , fH must be within 2.4 GHz - 2.4835 GHz • Solutions • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum AnalyzerSet

  24. Transmitter Measurements Frequency Range

  25. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing • (5) Output Spectrum - 20dB Bandwidth • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • RBW = 10 kHz, VBW = 30 kHz • find fL , fH (spectral power density drops 20dBm below highest power value ) • |fH -fL |  1.0 MHz • Solutions • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  26. 20dB Output spectrum • Measures 20 dB band- width of output spectrum center freq independent automatically find -20 dB points • Averaging • Trigger on burst/hop* • Pass/fail limits • Burst synch *Hop requires option 304

  27. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing • (6) Output Spectrum - Adjacent Channel Power • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • RBW = 100 kHz, VBW = 300 kHz • Ptx(f)  -20dBm for M-N = 2 • Ptx(f)  -40dBm for M-N  3 • Solutions • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  28. Adjacent Channel Power

  29. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (7) Modulation Characteristics (modulation index) • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • bit p0 determined • max frequency deviation f1maxgiven 00001111 sequence within 140 kHz and 175 kHz • max frequency deviation f2maxgiven 01010101 sequence greater than 115 kHz • f2avg / f1avg  0.8 • Solution • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer

  30. Modulation Deviation • Measures modulation deviation accuracy • Requires to data patterns: 11110000 & 10101010 • Averaging • Trigger on burst/hop* • Pass/fail limits • Burst synch *Hop requires option 304

  31. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (8) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on and off • bit p0 determined • initial carrier frequency tolerance <  75 kHz • Solution • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  32. Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance • Measures hop frequency accuracy preamble bits 20 samples/sym for freq resolution • Averaging • Trigger on burst/hop* • Pass/fail limits *Hop requires option 304

  33. Bluetooth Transmitter Test • (9) Carrier Frequency Drift • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on and off • bit p0 determined • instantaneous carrier frequency drift <  25/40/40 kHz given 1010 sequence and 1/3/5-slot packet • carrier max. frequency drift rate < 4000 Hz / 10s • Solution • 89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  34. Carrier Frequency Drift • Measures ability of Tx to stay on channel 4 bit payload drift Maximum rate ICFT (low resolution) • Averaging • Trigger on burst/hop* • Pass/fail limits • Burst synch *Hop requires option 304

  35. Bluetooth Transceiver Test • (1) Out-of-band Spurious Emissions • Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off • 30 MHz to 12.75 GHz under ETS 300 328 (Europe) • 30 MHz to 25 GHz under FCC Part 15.247 (USA) • Solution • ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

  36. Transceiver Measurements Spurious responses to 12.75GHz

  37. Measurement Setup 1 ( Receiver Test) Set DUT into test mode PC controller Loopback mode Data out ESG-D wanted signal Bluetooth DUT CLK out RF input Power splitter ESG-D unwanted signal CW interference

  38. Measurement Setup 2 ( Receiver Test) Enable test mode PC controller E1852A Racer RF output Bluetooth DUT Through cable or By air

  39. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (1) Sensitivity (single-slot) • loopback mode, hopping off • received power -70 dBm • dirty single slot packets as test signal (impairment including freq. Drift & freq. Offset) • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solution • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator+ opt. UN7 BERT

  40. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (2) Sensitivity (multi-slot packets) • loopback mode, hopping off • received power -70 dBm • dirty single slot packets as test signal (impairment including freq. Drift & freq. Offset) • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solution • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator+ opt. UN7 BERT

  41. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (3) C / I Performance • loopback mode, hopping off • wanted modulated signal + co/adjacent/other channel modulated signal • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solution • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator ( 2 )+ opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator( 2 )+ opt. UN7 BERT

  42. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (4) Blocking Performance • loopback mode, hopping off • wanted modulated signal + CW interference from 30 MHz to 12.75 GHz • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solutions • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + UND + UN7 • E6432A 20GHz uwave source

  43. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (5) Intermodulation Performance • loopback mode, hopping off • wanted modulated signal + unwanted modulated signal + CW interference • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solutions • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator ( 2 ) + UND ( 2 ) + UN7 • E6432A 20GHz uwave source

  44. Bluetooth Receiver Test • (6) Maximum Input Level • loopback mode, hopping off • received power -20dBm • BER  0.1 % at 1600000+ bit counts • Solution • ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + UND + UN7

  45. Agilent Technologies Bluetooth Testing Equipment ( for R&D) ESG D-series RF Signal Generator with Option UN8 Real-Time IQ BB Generator , Option UND Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Option UN7BER Tester 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer ESA Spectrum Analyzer 83711B 20GHz source (could be CW interference) E1852A RACERA Bluetooth RF Interface Test Set 3GHz 3 way splitter

  46. Agilent Technologies Bluetooth Testing Equipment (for manufacturing) ESG D-series RF Signal (could be co-channel or adjacent channel signal) E1852A RACERA Bluetooth RF Interface Test Set ESA Spectrum Analyzer 83711B 20GHz source (could be CW interference) 3GHz 3 way splitter

  47. Why you choose Agilent as a partner in Bluetooth Measurement • Provide total solution for different Bluetooth measurement • Training course / Consultant service • Maintenance • Instrument intergration • Long-term partnership • Certificated ISO-9002 Calibration Capability---> Ensure Products Quality.

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