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North Korea’s

North Korea’s nuclear program is a greater threat to the US because the proliferation will start an arms race. North Korea’s. Committee Members. Emily Averill - Overview of Foreign Relations, Allies and Enemies, and Works Consulted

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North Korea’s

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  1. North Korea’s nuclear program is a greater threat to the US because the proliferation will start an arms race. North Korea’s

  2. Committee Members • Emily Averill - Overview of Foreign Relations, Allies and Enemies, and Works Consulted • Dan Biddle - Overview of Foreign Relations, Committee members, Works Consulted, and Table of Contents,Estimate of What the Program is going to Look like in 1-3 Years • Maggie Carlson -Overview of Nuclear Program Development and Works Consulted • Tenzin Dechen - Current Profile of North Korea and Works Consulted, Estimate of What the Program is going to Look like on 1-3 Years • Jamie Dougherty - Delivery, Works Consulted, and Editor • Kaeleigh de Quevedo - Assessment of Nuclear Program Today and Works Consulted • Stephen Juhas - Overview of Foreign Relations, Table of Contents, Estimate of What the Program is going to look like in 1-3 years and Works Consulted • Libby McBrien - Consequences and Works Consulted • Matt Peterson - Overview of Foreign Relations, Works Consulted and editor • Marissa Purnell - Evaluation of Policy Options the U.S. has Recommended Course of Action, Overview on nuclear program development, Title page & thesis statement , and Works Consulted • Ian Quigg (@IanQuigg10)- Current profile of North Korea, Works Consulted and Estimate of what the program is going to look like in 1-3 years • Joselyn Ringgold- Overview of Nuclear Program Development and Works Consulted, Estimate of What the Program is going to Look like on 1-3 Years • June Yang - The History of Conflict in North Korea and Works Consulted

  3. Table of Contents • Current Profile of North Korea - Slide # 4-5 • Overview of Foreign Relations - Slide # 6-9 • Overview of Nuclear Program Development - Slide # 14-21 • Assessment of Nuclear Program Today - Slide # 10-11 • Estimate of What the Program is going to Look like on 1-3 Years - Slide # 22 • Evaluation of Policy Options the U.S. has Recommended Course of Action - Slide # 23-24 • Works Cited - Slide #25-28

  4. Current Profile of North Korea • North Korea has been keeping information hidden from other nations ("North Korea Profile"). • North Korea is one of the most militarized countries in the world ("North Korea"). • North Korea gets foreign aid which feeds millions of poor people ("North Korea Profile"). • North Korean state has been accused of human rights abuses, reports of torture, slave labour, forced abortions and the killing of newborn children ("North Korea Profile"). • No access to internet and the government strictly controls the media and what is shown to the population ("North Korea"). • Citizens are required to go to classes to support the greatness of the communist system ("North Korea"). "North Korean Military Parade." Tumblr. Austin Radcliffe, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://thingsorganizedneatly.tumblr.com/post/49946707815/north-korean-military-parade>.

  5. Current Profile of North Korea cont. • North Korea is one of the few remaining communist economies, the government blocks the citizens from all outside contact with the world. • They firmly believe in a military first policy, they always focus first on the military to make it stronger.(CIA) • Almost all property belongs to the state and government, they even control the wages that people are paid.(Heritage) "Roger Fields." Roger Fields RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://rogerfields.com/real-cause-of-poverty/>.

  6. Overview of Foreign Relations • The USSR supported North Korea’s nuclear development in the early 1950s (North Korea). • North Korea has recently restarted nuclear reactors to build weapons. • It is suspected that North Korea is spreading weapons to Non-Nuclear Weapons states. • The tension between North and South Korea is causing the US to get involved as a mediator to prevent and end disputes. • The US is trying to prevent spread of nuclear weapons from North Korea from getting to the Middle East . • In April 2009, talks to find a way to stop North Korea’s nuclear program started (North Korea Profile). • August 2010, United States put sanctions on North Korea (North Korea Profile). • UN Security Council issued multiple sanctions on North Korea (North Korea). • Resolution 1695, Resolution 1718, Resolution 1875, and Resolution 2087

  7. Overview of Foreign Relations cont. • USA has given aid from 1995 - 2008 ( Foreign Assistance to North Korea). • US has given over 1.4 billion dollars ( Foreign Assistance to North Korea). • Mainly aided in food and electricity. • Stopped aid because they threatened to launch nuclear missiles at the US ( Foreign Assistance to North Korea). • United States, Russia, China, and Japan all aid North Korea ( Foreign Assistance to North Korea). • In 2007 and 2008 the United States provided technical assistance to help North Koreas disablement process ( Foreign Assistance to North Korea).

  8. Allies vs. Enemies Allies- China Enemies- US, South Korea and Russia. This is the result of the Korean War, and this is how the enemies and allies came about.

  9. Delivery • North Korea has nuclear missiles, however these nuclear missiles are not very powerful. (In Focus: North Korea's Nuclear Threats). • These missiles that North Korea has cannot not reach very far. (In Focus: North Korea's Nuclear Threats). • There maximum range from their launch site cannot reach the united states.(North Korea Profile). • In 2006 and 2009 North Korea tested their nuclear missiles underground, both times it was not as powerful as the first bomb dropped by the U.S in World War II (In Focus: North Korea's Nuclear Threats). • North Korea is continuing to improve their nuclear program and could one day be able to reach great distances. (North Korea Profile). Wright, David. Missile Ranges. N.d. Photograph. Federation of American Scientist. New York Times. Union of Concerned Scientist. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/images/newsgraphics/2013/0411-korea-faq/Q3-RANGE.png>.

  10. Assessment of Nuclear Program Today • Last month North Korea tested their first nuclear weapon (“North Korea’s Missile”). • Last month they threatened U.S. • They threatened because they wanted us to give them aid. • North Korea have some missiles that are able to carry Warheads (“North Korea’s Missile”). • A warhead is the front part of a missile or bomb that has more explosive in it and is meant to cause more damage to the target. • North Korea has more than 1000 nuclear missiles (“North Korea’s Missile”). • First acquired strategic missiles from the Soviet Union in about 1969 (“North Korea’s Missile”). • Egypt also gave missiles and designs for North Korea's support in the Yom Kippur War against Israel (“North Korea’s Missile”). • In 2006 • test-fired a Taepodong-2 missile • experts say could have a range of many thousands of miles • related technology in 2009 and 2012 • All three launches ended in failure( “North Korea’s Missile”). Assessment of nuclear program today link to citation for picture

  11. Consequences Furthering Proliferation North Korea has a habit of selling whatever weapon systems it develops to anyone willing to pay for them (Sanger). Increase Risk of Terrorism North Korea is making it a lot easier for terrorist to get there hands on nuclear weapons. Affecting Stability of Nuclear NPT regime NPT regime is a treaty that created mutual responsibilities and an international taboo against the use or threat to use nuclear weapons (“Non- Proliferation”). North Korea violates the NPT regime when they threaten to share nuclear weapons with states hostile to the US (“Non- Proliferation”). #slide=id.g17484e15b_45

  12. The History of Conflict in North Korea • On 15 February 2013, North Korea had told China that they were preparing for one or two more nuclear tests this year (Dohert). • On 8 April 2013, South Korea had found nuclear activity at Punggye-ri, suggesting that a fourth underground test was being prepared (Shina). • In response, Japan summoned an emergency United Nations meeting for 12 February and South Korea raised its military status (Shina). • South Korea • The latest naval attack from the North Korea is Cheonan ship sinking on March 27 2010 and 40 sailors died and 6 missing (Dohert). • Japan, China, United State • In August 31, 1998, North Korea fired a two-stage Taepodong-1 missile over Japan and into the Pacific Ocean (Dohert).

  13. The History of Conflict in North Korea The six-party talks aim to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the North Korean nuclear weapons program. There has been a series of meetings with six participating states since 2003. They held 6 times whenever there was tension. The last one was held in 2007 (Sinha). Six-Party Talks • Republic of Korea (South Korea) • Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) • United States of America • People's Republic of China • Japan • Russian Federation Le Tian, Le. "Six-Party Talks set to resume soon." Nov 11 2006. Chinadaily. 11 Nov. 2013.

  14. Overview of Nuclear Program Development Timeline of Events • 1977- North Korea signs it’s first safeguard with the IAEA (Carlin). • 1993- North Korea no longer allows the IAEA to inspect their nuclear facilities (Carlin). • 1993- North Korea withdraws from the NTP (Carlin). • 1993- The U.S. persuades North Korea to accept the IAEA inspections (Carlin). • 2002- North Korea announces they will restart their nuclear program. They then remove the UN safety seals and monitoring equipment from the nuclear plant in Yongbyon (“International Atomic Energy Agency”). • 2006- North Korea successfully conducts its first nuclear weapon test (“International Atomic Energy Agency”). • 2007- North Korea pledges to suspend their nuclear operations(“International Atomic Energy Agency”). • 2009-North Korea backs out of disarmament talks to conducts their second nuclear weapons test and informs the IAEA that they will no longer cooperate with their nuclear rules(“International Atomic Energy Agency”). • 2009- The UN security council imposes tougher sanctions on North Korea including a tighter arms embargo and a new financial restrictions (“International Atomic Energy Agency”). • 2013- North Korea announces that they successfully conduct a third test of nuclear weapons(“International Atomic Energy Agency”).

  15. C H E O N AN S I N K I N G • Already in bad relations North Korea torpedoed the South Korean naval ship (North Korea). • South Korea is allies with the US so conflict has become a U.S. concern (In Focus: North Korea).

  16. In 2012, North Korea announced to the world they would delay nuclear testing in exchange for food (North Korea). • North Korea attempted to launch a rocket to put a satellite into orbit clearly violating the UN Security Council Resolutions (In Focus: North Korea). • Attempt failed but the second attempt was successful (North Korea). • U.S. declined any offers and the UN punished North Korea for their actions (In Focus: North Korea).

  17. North Korea is threatening the US as a way of revenge (In Focus: North Korea). • North Korea has wanted nuclear weapons to use since the Korean War when the U.S. threatened to use nuclear weapons against them (North Korea). • Initially North Korea joined the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear weapons but in 2003 withdrew accumulating nuclear devices (North Korea). • North Korea has a full nuclear fuel cycle contained with uranium that has not been available to the outside world (North Korea).

  18. Threatening Upgrades: • The country already has short and medium range missiles and is working hard on creating long range missiles (In Focus: North Korea). • Based off of satellite imagery, North Korea is upgrading the main launch facility in Pyongyang to launch larger and mobile missiles (Gladstone). • North Korea is carrying on with proliferation which they already received sanctions from the UN Security Council (Gladstone).

  19. DEFENSIVE THREAT Nuclear weapons will only be used if they are attacked first (Gowans). They know that if they are the first to strike it would trigger retaliation and a Nuclear war will begin. (Gowans).

  20. An estimated one-third of the population killed in the US’s attempt to end the war between the north and south(Cunningham). US attempts to Stop North and South Korean War

  21. Strong military and an advanced weapons system will help leaders and unsettled citizens deal with external threats (Pinkston). North Korea feels that a nuclear weapons program is necessary to strengthen their military (Pinkston).

  22. Estimate of North Korea’s Nuclear Program in 1-3 years • Estimates • Within the next year, North Korea will still be making nuclear weapons (North Korea) • Within 3 years, the amount of nuclear technology will increase since there is conflict between North Korea and other countries. • In 5 years, talks will be in progress to either limit or end the Nuclear Program in North Korea. • Reasons • North Korea still wants to develop their nuclear program because they were threatened by the United States during the Korean War (North Korea) • They will also continue making them because they also want to be a world power (In Focus: North Korea).

  23. Evaluation of Policy Options the U.S. has Recommended Course of Action ~ Our goal is to stop North Korea from creating new nuclear weapons and dismantle old ones. • We will get all suppliers to stop sending material to North Korea until evidence is shown that nuclear weapons programs have been abolished (blockade). Once the country follows through we will then provide aid.

  24. Evaluation of Policy Options the U.S. has Recommended Course of Action Cont. Pros: • The abolishment of North Korea’s nuclear program. • They will not be a threat to the US and other neighboring countries. Cons: • North Korea will use their nuclear weapons starting an arms race. • Other countries could possibly decided to aid them if we stop.

  25. Works Cited Ajisaka, Natsumi. "Relationship between U.S., North Korea Deteriorates." The "Atomic Bomb." Infactcollaborative. N.p., 28 Nov. 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. (image from slide 14) <http://infactcollaborative.com/technology/atomic-bomb-facts.html>. Carlin, Padraic. "North Korea: Conflict and Diplomacy: Background." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. http://worldatwar.abc-clio.com/Feature/Story/1360043?cid=1360044&terms=north+korea+nuclear <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17399847>. "Conflict on the Korean Peninsula." History and Current Issues for the Classroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. Daily Orange. Syracuse University, 17 Apr. 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://dailyorange.com/2013/04/relationship-between-u-s-north-korea-deteriorates/ Dohert, Jake. "In Focus: North Korea’s Nuclear Threats." Nytimes. New York Times Company, 16 Apr. 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/04/12/world/asia/ north-korea-questions.html?ref=nuclearprogram>. Gladstone, Rick, David E. Sanger, and William J. Broad. "North Korea's Nuclear Program."News. New York Times, 08 Nov. 2013. Web. 08 Nov. 2013. <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/northkorea/nuclear_program/>. Gladstone, Rick. "North Korea: Work Seen at a Missile Site." The New York TImes. The New York TImes Company, 30 Oct. 2013. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/world/asia/north-korea-work-seen-at-missile-site.html?adxnnl=1&ref=nuclearprogram&adxnnlx=1383839561-9nXSesmyla9dgKEwaMQrsg>. “History of the Koreas." WCVB. N.p., 2 Apr. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. (image for slide 8) <http://www.wcvb.com/news/national/-/9848944/19266418/-/14c0x7oz/-/index.html>. In Focus: “North Korea's Nuclear Threats." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, Apr. 2013. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/04/12/world/asia/north-korea-questions.html?ref=nuclearprogram>. "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)IAEA Home." International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/iaeadprk/chrono_dec.shtml>. "Korean War: Napalm and Nuke Threats in the North." Internartionalist. N.p., Dec. 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.internationalist.org/northkoreawarneverended1012.html>. Le Tian, Le. "Six-Party Talks set to resume soon." Nov 11 2006. Chinadaily. 11 Nov. 2013. Manyin, Mark E. "Foreign Assistance to North Korea." Www.fas.org. Congressional Research Service, 11 June 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. "Non-Proliferation." Center for Arms Control. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://armscontrolcenter.org/issues/nonproliferation/>. North Korea. Nuclear Threat Initiative. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/north-korea/nuclear/>. "North Korea Profile." BBC News. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. BBC News. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15256929>. "North Korea's Missile Programme." BBC News. BBC, 04 Dec. 2013. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17399847>. “North Korea | Country Profiles | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. National Journal Group, Sept. 2013. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/north-korea/nuclear/>. Parry, Richard Lloyd. "North Korea." Thetimes. N.p., 5 Apr. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/ article3730698.ece>(image for slide 21)

  26. Works Consulted "North Korea Is Lying About Its Rocket Launch, Sat-Watchers Show." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 08 Apr. 0012. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/04/noko-lying-launch/>. "North Korea Pledges to Halt Nuclear Programme in Exchange for US Aid." The Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. < http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/29/north-korea-moratorium-nuclear-programme>. "North Korea Upgrading Rocket Site; Features Point to Iranian Help | The Japan Times." Japan Times RSS. N.p., 16 Feb. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/02/16/asia-pacific/north-upgrading-rocket-site-features-point-to-iranian-help/>. "North Korean Military Parade." Tumblr. Austin Radcliffe, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.<http://thingsorganizedneatly.tumblr.com/post/49946707815/north-korean-military-parade>. “Plutonium Reactor." New York Times [New York]: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/world/asia/north-korea-appears-to-restart-plutonium-reactor.html?ref=nuclearprogram>. "ROKS Cheonan Sinking." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 June 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking> Sanger, David E., Wiliam J. Broad, and Choe Sang-Hun. "North Korea Appears to Restart Sanger, David E. "The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School." The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=f1113a>. "UN Security Council To Meet On North Korean Test." WBNS-10TV Columbus, Ohio. N.p., 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2013/02/12/un-nkorea.html>. "World." Political Mirror. N.p., 8 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 201<http://www.politicalmirror.com/north-korea-doubled-uranium-enrichment-capacity-isis/>. US and North Korea Relation. Digital image. KoreAm. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. Sinha, Shreeya. "Timeline of North Korea’s Nuclear Program." Nytimes. New York Times Company, 6 Aug. 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/02/05/world/asia/ northkorea-timeline.html?_r=0>.

  27. Works Consulted "North Korea Is Lying About Its Rocket Launch, Sat-Watchers Show." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 08 Apr. 0012. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/04/noko-lying-launch/>. "North Korea Pledges to Halt Nuclear Programme in Exchange for US Aid." The Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. < http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/29/north-korea-moratorium-nuclear-programme>. "North Korea Upgrading Rocket Site; Features Point to Iranian Help | The Japan Times." Japan Times RSS. N.p., 16 Feb. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/02/16/asia-pacific/north-upgrading-rocket-site-features-point-to-iranian-help/>. "North Korean Military Parade." Tumblr. Austin Radcliffe, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://thingsorganizedneatly.tumblr.com/post/49946707815/north-korean-military-parade>. Nuclear explosion. Digital image. Bing. Web. <http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=NPT+regime&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=31C0AB4503EDDA5032C40B40C0759D056B57EE95&selectedIndex=9>. “Plutonium Reactor." New York Times [New York]: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/world/asia/north-korea-appears-to-restart-plutonium-reactor.html?ref=nuclearprogram>. "ROKS Cheonan Sinking." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 June 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking> Sanger, David E., Wiliam J. Broad, and Choe Sang-Hun. "North Korea Appears to Restart Sanger, David E. "The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School." The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=f1113a>.

  28. Works Consulted US and North Korea Relation. Digital image. KoreAm. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. "UN Security Council To Meet On North Korean Test." WBNS-10TV Columbus, Ohio. N.p., 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2013/02/12/un-nkorea.html>. "U.S. Policy toward the Korean Peninsula." Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, June 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. <http://www.cfr.org/ north-korea/us-policy-toward-korean-peninsula/p22205#> "World." Political Mirror. N.p., 8 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. <http://www.politicalmirror.com/north-korea-doubled-uranium-enrichment-capacity-isis/>. Yonhap News Agency.”Aid to North Korea” by Year. 2013. Photograph. Ministry of Unification,

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