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Growth and Development of World Religions

Growth and Development of World Religions. Growth and Development of World Religions. Explain how world religions or belief systems grew and their significance. Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Islam.

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Growth and Development of World Religions

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  1. Growth and Development of World Religions

  2. Growth and Development of World Religions Explain how world religions or belief systems grew and their significance. • Judaism • Hinduism • Buddhism • Christianity • Islam

  3. Five of the world’s major faiths and ethical systems emerged establishing institutions, systems of thought, and cultural styles that would influence neighboring peoples and endure for centuries.

  4. Judaism • Oldest religion in the world • Influenced Christianity and Islam • Monotheistic: Believe in one God

  5. Early Hebrews • Early Hebrews were pastoral nomads who inhabited lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt during 2nd Millennium BC • As Mesopotamia prospered, some Hebrew’s settled in the region’s cities score.rims.k12.ca.us

  6. Abraham Abraham The Hebrew Abraham came from the Sumerian city of Ur Abraham (1900 BC) said to have led his people out of Ur to Palestine because of disorder in Sumer Hebrews took with them Sumerian cultural customs, Hammurabi’s Code, and other ideas from the Sumerians.

  7. To Israel! • Eventually (1850/1700 BC) some Hebrews migrated from Palestine to Egypt where the Egyptians made them slaves. • According to the Bible, in 1300 BC under the leadership of Moses a group of Hebrews moved from Egypt north to the land of Canaan (Palestine) • Here they formed 12 tribes, known as the Israelites Moses Parts the Red Sea? www.planetkilmer.com/movies

  8. According to Hebrew tradition, God sent 10 Deadly Plagues to Egypt He sent the plagues when Egyptians refused to free the Hebrew slaves Bible story: Moses and the Red Sea

  9. Hebrews believed they had a special relationship with God • They were his “Chosen” people • Established a nation called Israel along the Mediterranean Sea

  10. Kingdom of Israel • Israelites abandoned tribal structure; adopted Mesopotamian-style monarchy • Women had rights in their society but power concentrated in hands of male kings • Bitter conflicts broke out with the Canaanites, and then with more powerful Philistines ( Palestine) who captured the Ark of the Covenant • Saul first king of Israel www.ericlove.com

  11. David Slays Goliath Saul’s successor David (1000-970?) slew the Philistine giant Goliath and recovered the Ark From the South Face of the Abbey of St. Giles in France www.vrcol.fa

  12. Solomon Under David’s successor Solomon (961-922 BC) Israel reached the peak of its power - huge palace and large army based in the city of Jerusalem The Judgment of Solomonc. 1620 Oil on canvas, 174 x 213 cmGalleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome VALENTIN DE BOULOGNE

  13. Israelite Religious Beliefs • After the time of Moses, the religious beliefs of the Israelites became increasingly distinctive • Early Hebrews had recognized many of the Mesopotamian gods, and believed that nature spirits dwelt in trees, rocks and mountains • Moses embraced monotheism – he believed there was only one god called Yaweh who was a supremely powerful deity and creator of the world • When the kings of the Israelites built their capital in Jerusalem, they did not build a Mesopotamian ziggurat, but a temple in honor of Yaweh www.killingthebuddha.com The Hebrew letters yud, hey, vav, hey -- often depicted in English as YHWH or Yahweh -- spell the name of God.

  14. The Ten Commandments • But as well as being the creator of the universe, he was also a very personal god, with high moral and ethical standards expected of his followers • In the Ten Commandments Moses warned his followers against behaviors like lying, theft, adultery and murder www.jsmatt.com Moses by Rembrandt

  15. 10 Commandments are the foundation of Jewish and Christian thought

  16. The Torah • Between 1000-400 BC the Israelite religious leaders compiled a set of holy scriptures (the Torah – ‘teachings’) – which laid out Yaweh’s laws and the role of mankind • Torah taught that Yaweh would punish individuals and whole communities collectively if they did not obey his laws www.forumuniversitaire.com

  17. Torah: Most holy book. Also holy to Christians but it is called the Old Testament • Talmud: Collection of laws and customs of the Jewish people

  18. The Diaspora • In 722 Assyrian forces conquered the northern kingdom of Israel, capturing 27,290 Israelite slaves and deporting them to other regions • In 586 the southern kingdom was captured by the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar, who also sent his captives into exile • Persian king Cyrus allowed some captives to return home, but most of the Jews scattered all over the region • This scattering referred to as the ‘Diaspora’ (Greek for ‘scattering’) Israelite prisoners and Assyrian guards, Nineveh

  19. Religion • Israelite’s devotion to Yaweh only strengthened during this period of turmoil • Between 800 and 500 BC a series of prophets urged the Israelites to remain steady in their faith • Prophet - A person who is spoken to by God or speaks/does God’s will. • They warned that unless the Israelites changed their ways, Yaweh would punish them by sending conquerors • Many took Assyrian and Babylonian conquests as proof of what the prophets said Hebrew Prophets 1300 BCStone, Cathedral, Strasbourg

  20. Influence on Other Monotheistic Religions • Jews maintained a strong sense of identity as a separate and distinct people, even as they participated in the larger, complex society of the world. • Eventually, Jewish monotheism, scriptures and moral concerns would profoundly influence the development of both Christianity and Islam

  21. The Rise of ChristianityDevelopments in Judaism During the Early Empire • Judaism went through a major transformation • Jews were restless and unhappy, waiting for a Messiah (26-36 AD) • Messiah - A new leader that would restore the greatness of ancient Israel. • Some groups looked to a Jewish teacher and son of a carpenter, from Nazareth, as the Messiah they had been waiting for. • Judaism became a link to a new religion – Christianity One of the Dead Sea Scrolls www.johnpratt.com The Dead Sea Scrolls were written by the Essenes; John the Baptist an Essene

  22. Destruction of Jerusalem Jewish people eventually launched an uprising in 66 AD. The Romans crushed the revolt and destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem! All that remains of it today is the ‘Wailing Wall

  23. Jerusalem: Temple Mount and Wailing Wall

  24. Worship in synagogues • Religious Leader: Called a Rabbi • Rabbi means “Master” • Holy Period every week: Called Shabbat • Lasts from sunset Friday until sunset Saturday

  25. Holidays • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year • Yom Kippur: Day of Confession/Atonement • Chanukah: Celebration of military victory/during Christmas season • Passover: to remember the Hebrews who lived in Egypt

  26. Jews Past and Present • Most Jewish people live in the United States (5.8 million) and Israel (4.8 million) • Most left Europe after the Holocaust

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