Article1_S

1. Article1_S America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.

2. Article1_w America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.

3. Article1_w_in decline-1 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as in decline/ on the decline: losing strength; declining He is still one of the world’s most popular tennis players, but his game is in decline. As she was getting older, her mental powers were on the decline. 衰落的文明 a civilization in decline/on the decline America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.

4. Article1_w_in debt-1 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as debt: n. a sum of money that you owe He had enough money to pay off his father’s debts. America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement. Shrinking economies mean falling tax revenues and more government debt. Collocation: go/run into debt 欠债 pay off/settle a debt 还债

5. Article1_w_debt-2 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as in debt to sb. for … 欠某人… 数目的债 out of debt 不欠债 a business/gambling/personal debt 生意上的债/赌债/私人债务 America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.

6. Article1_w_characteristic-1 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as characteristic: n. special mark or quality Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. A prominent characteristic of language is that the relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is arbitrary. CF: character, characteristic & feature 这三 个词都有“特征”之意。 character主要指人的性格、品质。例如： America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement. You can read a guy’s character at the first glance. 你一眼就可以看出一个人的性格。 They epitomize the national character of the English. 他们集中体现了英国人的民族性格。

7. Article1_w_characteristic-2 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as characteristic意为“特性”、“特征”，指某人或某事具有的区别于 其他人或事物的特征或特点。例如： A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 骆驼有一个特点：即使不喝水也能活很长时间. Tactfulness is one of his nicest characteristics. 乖巧机敏是他最讨人喜欢的特点之一。 feature意为“特色”、“特征”，指显著的、引人注意的特征，尤用于 面部表情或长相的描写。例如： America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement. But the most important feature of our work must be parental involvement. 不过我们这项工作最大的特色应该是家长的参与。 His nose is his best feature. 他脸上最中看的部分是他的鼻子。

8. Article1_w_characteristic-3 America as a Collage The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People aren’t attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form. character, characteristic & feature 1. Wet weather is a of life in this country. 2. Good planning is one of the of a successful business. 3. He is a man of upright 4. You know nothing of the essential of life. ______ feature characteristics ____________ ________. character America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement. ____________ characteristics

9. Article2_S It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation.

10. Article2_S_I have a sense… It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. 1. What does the word “concern” mean here? It means “be of importance or interest to; have an effect on”. 2. What does this sentence mean? It means what is happening here does not only determine the future of one nation. It is a matter concerning many races and cultures. The future may not be considered in terms of nation, but civilization, new civilization of multiculturalism and pluralism. 3. Translate the sentence. 我有种感觉，这个国家正在发生的一切不仅仅关乎一国之命运。

11. Article2_w It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation.

12. Article2_w_paralyzed It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. paralyze: vt. make ineffective; make (sb.) lose the ability to move part or all of the body He had a minor stroke in 1987,which left him partly paralyzed. The explosion killed about two hundred people and paralyzed part of the city's transportation system.

13. Article2_w_thesis It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. thesis: n. an idea or theory that tries to explain why sth. happens; a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of a university degree such as an MA or a PhD Their main thesis is that inflation is caused by increase in the money supply. He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.

14. Article2_w_historical-1 It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. historical: adj. concerning past events; based on the study of history Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance. Many historical documents and photographs are preserved in the provincial archives in Nanjing. CF: historic & historical 这两个词都有“历史上的”之意。 historic泛指历史上有名的或富有历史意义的。例如： This change in government is a historic event of our times. 这项政府变革是当代具有历史意义的大事。

15. Article2_w_historical-2 It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. The signing of the Declaration of Independence was a historic occasion. 《独立宣言》的签订具有历史意义。 historical 主要意思是属于历史的，历史上的，与 历史有关的，真实的而不是传说中的。 例如： He gave all his historical papers to the library. 他把他所有的历史资料都赠给这个图书馆。 There is a historical society in our university. 我们大学有一个历史研究所。 Historic or historical? 1. Is Macbeth a real figure? 2. a meeting between two great leaders _______ historical ______ historic

16. Article2_w_precedent It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. precedent: n. earlier happening, decision, etc. taken as an example or rule for what comes later The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases. The appointment of female commander of a navy warship is without precedent. Collocation: create/establish/set a precedent 开辟先例 break (a) precedent 打破先例 a precedent for … 为 … 确定的先例 without precedent 无先例的，空前的

17. Article2_w_have a sense that It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historicalprecedent. That’s the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. have a/the sense that: feel/believe/realize that As soon as we had the sense that something was wrong, we moved the children away. We have the sense that one month’s preparation is far from enough if we want to accomplish the project.

18. Article3_S It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism. A civilization of the polycentric mind. A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.

19. Article3_w It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism. A civilization of the polycentric mind. A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.

20. Article3_w_mentality It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism. A civilization of the polycentric mind. A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction. mentality: n. characteristic attitude of mind; way of thinking Can you understand the mentality of someone who likes to watch animals fighting each other? Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.

21. Article4_S Los Angeles is a premonition of this new civilization. Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of America’s racial and cultural roots, Los Angeles and southern California will enter the twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of a civilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.

22. Article4_S_Linked more to … Los Angeles is a premonition of this new civilization. Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of America’s racial and cultural roots, Los Angeles and southern California will enter the 1. Paraphrase this part. As far as the racial and cultural origins of its residents are concerned, Los Angeles has a closer link with the Third World and Asia than with Europe… twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of a civilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind. 2. Translate the whole sentence. 洛杉矶以及南加州与第三世界和亚洲的联系要比与美国的民族、文化之根欧洲的联系更密切，因此将以一个多民族、多元文化的社会进入21世纪。

23. Article4_w Los Angeles is a premonition of this new civilization. Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of America’s racial and cultural roots, Los Angeles and southern California will enter the twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of a civilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.

24. Article4_w_plural Los Angeles is a premonition of this new civilization. Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of America’s racial and cultural roots, Los Angeles and southern California will enter the plural: 1. adj. involving more than one person or thing or different kinds of people or things His government has pledged to move the country towards a plural democracy. A plural form of a noun is the form that is used to refer to more than one person or thing. twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of a civilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind. Data is the Latin plural form of datum. 2. n. Dogs is the plural of dog. pluralism: n.多元主义；多元文化

25. Article5_s America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese.

26. Article5_s_It is incredible America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese. 1. Paraphrase this part. It is amazingly good that when you come to America you will find yourself actually in some other places like Seoul, Taipei or Mexico City. You can experience Korean culture just by walking through some streets in Los Angeles. 2. Translate this part. 来到美国，你会不可思议地发现自己身在别地 -- 来到了汉城、台北、墨西哥城。你在洛杉矶街头行走，就可以感受到韩国的文化氛围。

27. Article5_w America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese.

28. Article5_w_immigrants America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese. immigrant: n. a person who moves as a settler to another country Historically, the United States has attracted vast numbers of immigrants from around the globe. It was estimated that more than 11 out of every 20 New Yorkers were immigrants or the children of immigrants. Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form. immigrant, emigrant, migrant Migrant _______ 1. workers move from country to country in search of work. 2. The U.S.A. has assimilated from most of the countries of Europe. immigrants _________

29. Article5_w_immigrants-2 America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese. immigrants 3. Canada has many from Europe. 4. He is a(n) from Britain because he hates the food there. _________ emigrant _______

30. Article6-s We find here Little Taipei, Little Saigon, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Little Central America, the Iranian neighborhood in Westwood, the Armenian community in Hollywood, and the vast Mexican-American areas of East Los Angeles. Eighty-one languages, few of them European, are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles. This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World.

31. Article6-s-This transformation We find here Little Taipei, Little Saigon, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Little Central America, the Iranian neighborhood in Westwood, the Armenian community in Hollywood, and the vast Mexican-American What does “this transformation of American culture” refer to? It refers to the change of American culture from Euro-dominant to multiculture (Pacific culture)-fused. areas of East Los Angeles. Eighty-one languages, few of them European, are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles. This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World.

32. Article7_S At the beginning of the twenty-first century, 90 percent of the world’s population will be dark-skinned; the white race will be no more than 11 percent of all human beings living on our planet. Something that can only be seen in America: In the landscaped, ultraclean high-technology parks of northern Orange County there is a personal computer company that seven years ago did not exist. There were only strawberry fields where the plant is. Now, there is a $500 million company with factories in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well. The company was founded by three young immigrants -- a Pakistani Muslim and two Chinese from Hong Kong. They only became citizens in 1984. Each individual is now probably worth $30 million.

33. Article8_S Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home. In Los Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies.

34. Article8_S_Not infrequently Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian 1. What is an extended family? An extended family is a family consisting of a family nucleus and various relatives, as grandparents, usually living in one household and functioning as a larger unit. A family composed of father, mother, and children is called a nuclear family. group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home. In Los Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies. 2. Translate this part. 雇员常常会要求一周加班20小时，好多赚钱帮助大家庭成员购买房屋。

35. Article8_w Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home. In Los Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies.

36. Article8_w_network Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces network: n. connected system -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian The Internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks. Most personal computers communicate with each other and with larger networks, such as the Internet, by using the ordinary telephone network. group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home. In Los Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies.

37. Article9-s Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation--just taking people’s labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive. This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction.

38. Article9-w Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation--just taking people’s labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive. This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction.

39. Article9-w-constructive Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation--just taking people’s labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive. This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction. constructive: adj. having a useful purpose; helpful Criticism is welcome only when it is constructive criticism. After their meeting, both sides described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive.

40. Article9-w-cooperation Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation--just taking people’s labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive. This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction. cooperation: n. working or acting together for a common purpose The mission of the United Nations is to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world’s problems, and encourage respect for human rights. The European Union is an organization dedicated to economic cooperation among European nations. Collocation: in cooperation with… 在…合作下

41. Article10_S Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time. For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development. Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events.

42. Article10_S_For the destructive… Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time. For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development. Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events. Why is it important for the destructive and paralyzed world that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists? The possibility of Los Angeles is a premonition of the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with the Western one.

43. Article10_w Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time. For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development. Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events.

44. Article10_w_conception Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time. For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development. Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events. conception: n. idea about what sth. is like or understanding of sth.; process in which sb. forms a plan or idea Their conception of love seems to be very different from our own. I had no conception of the finished product.

45. Article10_w_destructive Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time. For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development. Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events. destructive: adj. causing destruction Technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process. The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century. 他的贪婪会毁了他的幸福。 His greed is destructive of happiness.

46. Article11-s We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives. In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.

47. Article11-s_He is on time… We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives. What can you infer from this sentence? In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in He does not care about arriving late for appointments or events. Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.

48. Article11-w We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives. In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.

49. Article11-w_show up We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives. show up: put in an appearance; be present If I don’t show up for class this morning, I’ll be kicked out. In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in He always shows up in a fancy car. Collocation: show off 炫耀；显示 Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.

50. Article11-w_offended We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives. offend: vt. hurt the feelings of; give offence to Richard was deeply offended that people thought he’d faked the story. In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in He apologized for his comments and said he had no intention of offending the professor. Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.