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User Experience with New Solar PV Models California ISO

User Experience with New Solar PV Models California ISO. Irina Green Regional Transmission Engineering Lead California ISO WECC Renewable Energy Modeling Workshop June 17, 2014. Solar PV Plant Representation. Power Flow. Transient Stability.

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User Experience with New Solar PV Models California ISO

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  1. User Experience with New Solar PV ModelsCalifornia ISO Irina Green Regional Transmission Engineering Lead California ISO WECC Renewable Energy Modeling Workshop June 17, 2014

  2. Solar PV Plant Representation Power Flow Transient Stability

  3. Transient Stability Models. Large Solar PV Plant • REGC_A  module - Generator/Converter interface with the grid. Typical parameters from the WECC Guidelines • REEC_B module - Electrical Controls of the inverters. Typical parameters from the WECC Guidelines except for Integral Gain (Kvi) and Transducer Time Constant (Trv). Reduced Kvi from 100 to 40 to avoid oscillations. Kvi=40 typical for the PV1E model. Was a typo in the Trv, changed from 0.2 to 0.02 • REPC_A module - Plant Controller. It processes voltage and reactive power output to emulate Volt/Varcontrol at the plant level. Typical parameters from the WECC Guidelines

  4. 3-Phase Fault on the Solar Switching Station. Voltage on the equivalent PV generator terminals Trv = 0.2, Kvi = 100 - BLUE Trv = 0.02, Kvi = 100 - RED Trv = 0.02, Kvi = 40 - GREEN

  5. Study Example 2023 Heavy Summer Case. 800 MW Solar PV Plant.Composite Load Model for all WECC Three-phase 6 cycles fault at the Switching Station 230 kV, double-line outage Switching Station – Morro Bay

  6. Study Example. Surrounding Area

  7. Study Scenarios • Solar PV with 0.95 lead/lag power factor. Reactive power and voltage control; priority is reactive power. Plant controller controls voltage. Stalling of the single-phase air conditioners disabled. • Same as 1), but A/C stalling enabled. • Solar PV with unity power factor. No reactive support or voltage regulation. Priority is real power. Stalling of the single-phase air conditioner motor load disabled. • Same as 3), but A/C stalling enabled. • The Solar PV plant is replaced by a fictitious combined-cycle plant. Stalling of the single-phase air conditioner motor load components is disabled. • Same as 5), but A/C stalling enabled.

  8. Study Results. Switching Station Voltage • Voltage recovered to the pre-fault values. Solar PV with unity power factor voltage recovered to a slightly lower value. • Solar PV showed faster recovery than the combined-cycle plant. • Single-phase air conditioners stalling did not have almost any impact on the voltage on this bus.

  9. Study Results. Switching Station Frequency • Inverter-based generators had better damping than conventional generators • No impact from the air-conditioner stalling • Higher frequency in the first 0.5 second after the fault with solar PV

  10. Study Results. Voltage on Equivalent Generator Terminals • Voltage recovered to the pre-fault values, except for solar PV with unity power factor, especially with A/C stalling • Faster voltage recovery and better damping with solar PV • Voltage spike in the first 0.5 sec after the fault with solar PV with voltage regulation • Only slight impact of A/C stalling in PV scenario with unity power factor

  11. Study Results. Frequency on Equivalent Generator Terminals • Inverter-based generation has better damping than conventional generation • Slow frequency recovery with solar PV that has voltage regulation • May appear as a criteria violation in transient stability studies, but this may be a numerical issue • No impact of A/C stalling

  12. Study Results. Real Power Output from Equivalent Generator • Solar PV generators have better damping than the thermal unit • Solar PV units have slower recovery • A/C stalling doesn’t have any impact

  13. Study Results. Reactive Power Output from Equivalent Generator • Solar PV generators have better damping than the thermal unit • As expected, solar PV with unity power factor did not respond • A/C stalling has very slight impact by increased reactive output, except for the unit with unity power factor

  14. Study Results. Adjacent Load Bus • Generator type doesn’t have any impact on voltage, very slight impact on frequency • Delayed voltage recovery due to stalled air-conditioners

  15. Loss of Load • Scenario 1: PV with voltage regulation, A/C stalling disabled – 66 MW • Scenario 2: PV with voltage regulation, A/C stalling enabled – 91MW • Scenario 3: PV with unity power factor, A/C stalling disabled – 67 MW • Scenario 4: PV with unity power factor, A/C stalling enabled – 96 MW • Scenario 5: Combined cycle plant, A/C stalling disabled – 69 MW • Scenario 6: Combined cycle plant, A/C stalling enabled – 97MW

  16. Conclusions

  17. Questions? Comments?

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