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Sciences, Technology and Innovation in China: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization

Sciences, Technology and Innovation in China: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization . Chunli BAI . Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS ) Industrial Technologies 21st, June 2012. Outline. An overview of S&T and innovation in China Roadmap of S&T and Innovation

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Sciences, Technology and Innovation in China: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization

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  1. Sciences, Technology and Innovation in China: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization Chunli BAI Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Industrial Technologies 21st, June 2012

  2. Outline • An overview of S&T and innovation in China • Roadmap of S&T and Innovation • A Brief Touch on CAS • Analysis and conclusion

  3. Outline • An overview of S&T and Innovationin China • Roadmap of S&T an d Innovation • A Brief Touch on CAS • Analysis and conclusion

  4. General Statements • China has set up a complete S&T and innovation system with a few fields ranking at the top of the world • Has the world's 2nd largest R&D workforce with a total R&D expenditure at 1.8% of GDP • As the second largest economy withdiversified development, China allows enough room to try all kinds of S&T innovations • Has obviously reached the stage we can rely more on S&T contributions, innovation and skills of workforce for further progress

  5. China’s R&D workforce Ranked No. 2 in 2009 with a total of 2.29 million R&D force in selected countries Source: Main Science & Technology Indicators 2010/2 (OECD)

  6. China’s R&D investment Became the second largest in the world in 2009, taking up 12% of the global total Global R&D expenditures by country/region:2009 Central Asia $33B(2.6%) Europe $319B(25%) USA $402B(31%) China $154B(12%) Japan $138(11%) South Asia $34B(2.6%) Central America & Caribbean $0.6(<0.1%) Africa$9B(0.7%) South America $31B(2.4%) Austrialia & Oceania $22B(1.8%) Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012

  7. China’s R&D growth rate Remains around 20% annually in the past decades, being the highest in the world Still a big GAP In percentage Suggesting the need to further increse Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012

  8. China’s R&D investment from the business sector Has the largest share, being the third highest among the world’s major countries in proportion Gross expenditures on R&D by performing sector, in selected countries: 2008 or 2009 Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012

  9. China’s international S&T publications Have increased rapidly over the years, became No.2 in total in 2009 S&E journal articles produced, by selected region/country: 1995–2009 Thousand 8 Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012

  10. S&T publications in high impact journals Alsowitnessed a rapidincrease such as in Nature, Science, JACS, PRL and Lancet, etc More specialized journals such as JACS and PRL Comprehensive journals such as Nature and Science Source: CAS Documentation Center

  11. Became No. 3 in 2009 butfar behind Japan and the U.S. China’s invention patents Invention patents granted in selected countries (2009) Source: MOST; Main Science & Technology Indicators 2010/2 (OECD)

  12. China has accomplished a great deal in a wide range of science, technology and innovation These successes cover frontiers of science, areas for social benefits and sustainability, and industrial competitiveness and national security Nano Technology is such a good case

  13. Government Investment to National Nano S&T Nano S&T was listed as an important item in the Chinese National S&T Development Program (2006-2020) National Research Institutes Having seen various kinds of entitiesset up Publications and Patents SCI/EI Publications in Nanotechnology—China became No. 1 in 2010 Has Made Success both on Basic Research and Application Rapid Development of NanoTechnology since 1980s

  14. Nano Basic Research Examples Developed nanocrystallinematerials: Super Cu Institute of Metal Research, CAS Lu, et al, Science, 287, 1463 (2000):Superplastic Extensibility of at Room Temperature Lu, et al, Science, 304, 426 (2004):Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity Lu, et al, Science, 323, 607 (2009):Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper As-deposited e=200% e=600% e=2000% RT~ 0.22Tm e=5100% Nanostructure copper can be elongated to more than 50 times without breaking.This unique behavior demonstrates that the nanocrystalline structure significantly facilitates plastic deformation at lower temperatures. This feature is useful for advancing processing technology of metals and alloys.

  15. Laser phototypesetting • system • Two steps photographic • development Picture and text information Picture and text information Nano Application A Comparison between Green Printing Tech and LPS & CTP Currently Used in the Market 。Current tech 。No photographic process Computer Laser phototype -setting machine Examples Computer Printing plate • CTP -Int’l mainstream • technology • One step photographic • development fix develop expose Film PS plate Photosensitive film Picture and text Computer CTP equipment • Reduces costs and farewell to pollution by a click of the mouse. Chemical Treatment Process fix develop expose fix develop expose Burning Plate Plate Plate CTP plate Chemical Treatment Process Process of Photoreception and Chemical Treatment Institute of Chemistry, CAS • Problems • Photographic imaging, • need to process in • darkness • Chemical development, • cause liquid waste • discharge • Pre-coating, waste resources • （80－90％） • Fuji、Kodak、Agfa… • Technology advantage • No need to avoid light • No pollution • Low cost • Recoverable • “Giving up darkness to light” as we say in Chinese

  16. Nano Application Nano-particles Examples Polymer layer Surface modification Super-hydrophilicity • Nanomaterials-based Green Printing Plate Technology Innovation & Key technologies • Innovation • No need pre-coating process • All process green • Key technologies • Control the nano/micro-structure of the super-hydrophilic plate. • Modulate the wettability of the printing images • Achieve printing endurance

  17. Nano Application Examples • Nanomaterials-based Green Printing Plate Technology Some Printed Samples with the New Technology

  18. An overview of S&T and innovations in China • Roadmap of S&T and Innovation • A Brief Touch upon CAS • Analysis and conclusion Outline

  19. Its specific goals include: Further build up our national innovation system Forge stronger linkages between S&T and industries Make enterprises to be main players in R&D and innovations Improve S&T contributions to economy up to 60% from current 40% Increase R&D expenditure up to 2.5%of GDP Establish Chinese modern research system 2006-2020 NationalS&T Outline • This Outline was worked out in 2006, involving contributions of over • 3000 individuals • It aims to turn China into an innovation-driven country & a well-off • society through fostering strategic emerging industries

  20. National Priorities Specified Main Areas include: • Energy • Agriculture • Environment • Transportation • Population and health • Manufacturing industry • Information industry and modern service Industry • Water and mineral resources • Urbanization and city development • National safety and public security To achieve innovation and frog-leap development and provide strong support for the future Initiated 16 major national special projects to carry out the implementation

  21. Various Supporting Policies and Measures Has issued various supporting policies and measures to support the implementation of the Outline such as: • Financial and taxation policies • Enhanced IP strategy & standards • Efforts to optimize funding structure • Efforts to promote a diversified system of S&T investment • Initiatives to expand both int’l and domestic S&T cooperation • … … • Our basic approach is to adopt whatever policy and initiativesneeded that are not in practice • We need to improve our eco-system as China actually introduced the innovation concept from the West

  22. S&T Development Outline in the 12th Five-Year-Plan (2011-2015) 21

  23. EightMajor Tasks in the 12th Five-Year-Plan Cultivate & develop strategic new industries Achieve breakthroughs in key industrial technologies Achieve breakthroughs in key techs for People's livelihood Aim to: Implement national key special S&T projects Deploy basic and frontier tech research ahead of time Build up S&T innovation bases and platforms Train innovative talent Improve National Innovation System

  24. An overview of S&T and innovations in China • Roadmap of S&T and Innovations • A Brief Touch on CAS • Analysis and conclusion Outline

  25. CAS’s Strategic Positioning in China’s S&T Has proved and will continue to prove to be: A “National Team” representing the highest scientific standard in China A “Big School” fostering of scientific talent in China A “Pioneer” facilitating the country’s S&T structure reform CAS A Think-Tank promoting the country’s science -based development An “Engine” of S&T innovation in leading the country’s S&T progress CAS is the national scientific institution in China with multiple functions

  26. Chinese Academy of Sciences Facts & Figures • 108 Institutes covering all disciplines, distributed all over China • 2 Universities • 90% of mega science facilities in China • 12 Botanic gardens, 26 Herbariums • 38 Billions RMB in budget in 2011 • 22 shareholding companies Members of CAS: 750 Total staff : 58,300 Students：47,000(38,000 graduates) Statistics as of 2011

  27. Highlights on CAS Strength • 15 highest national scientific awards out of the 20 so far conferred • 18 first-class national natural science prizes from the 31 so far given (59%) with only 4% of national R&D workforce

  28. CAS International Cooperation • Always attaches great importance to int’l cooperation • Formed various forms and kinds • Joint projects/labs/centers/institutes/partnership groups • CAS-Max Plank Partner Institute on Computational Biology-no legal status • CAS-Pasteur Inst. On Virology-legal status • China-Australia Joint Center on PhonomicsResearch, • China/US La on Software, KavliInstitute • Partnerships with major S&T institutions • in developed countries • Cooperation with talent from world-over • Selectively join in int’l mega-science programs • Establish joint research units when mature • Also pay attention to cooperate with less developed countries and scientists there Strategy

  29. Cooperation with Nordic Countries • Strategic Dialogues: Basis for the concrete cooperative projects • CAS-Nordic Forum on Strategies for S&T Cooperation 2006 in Beijing • CAS-Nordic Forum on Strategies for S&T Cooperation 2007 in Lund • AF-CAS Workshop on “Climate Change – Atmospheric composition; • Adaptation of ecosystem to climate change” in 2011 (3 projects selected) • Joint Call for proposals in the field of “Climate and Environment” • (6 projects selected) between the Research Council of Norway and CAS

  30. Highlights of Cooperation with Denmark • Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research • Partners: 8 Danish universities, the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, the Graduate University of CAS and CAS; • promoting and strengthening collaboration between Danish and Chinese research and learning institutions, and joint training of PhD and MSc students.

  31. Highlights of Cooperation with Denmark • Cooperation with Novo Nordisk • CAS-NN Research Foundation (cooperative research projects and international conferences supported) • CAS-NN Great Wall Professorship • Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences-Novo Nordisk Translational Center for PreDiabetes • CAS Award for International Scientific Cooperation in 2011 • Prof. FlemmingBesenbacher (nominated by National Nanocenter)

  32. Some Thoughts on future cooperation • CAS would like to strengthen the cooperation with the European Countries • on many priority areas, such as joint call for projects, personnel exchange, • postgraduate student training; • Establish and maintain strategic dialogue mechanism for identification of • priority areas and hot topics of common interest for addressing the global • or regional challenges; • Set up cooperative research program or project based Scientist Group, • Joint Center, or Laboratory etc.

  33. Some Thoughts on future cooperation • Initiate interactive exchange programs for PhD students and young • scientists; • Hold multi-lateral frontiers of sciences workshops and conduct jointly • big science facility based interdisciplinary research; • Combine bottom-top and top-down two mechanisms for both sides, • to push forward the practical cooperation; • The scientists from EU countries are welcome to visit and work in CAS • through “CAS Visiting Professorship Program for Senior International • Scientists” and “Fellowship Program for Young International Scientists”.

  34. An overview of S&T and innovations in China • Roadmap of S&T and Innovations • A Brief Touch upon CAS • Analysis and conclusion

  35. Basic science Not much Chinese contributions. A lack of internationally recognized Chinese scientists High-tech An over dependency on core technologies from overseas in a wide range of areas Industrialization China ’s S&T contribution ratio to economic growth <40% (2006) while US, Japan, Korea, etc. >70% (2006) Enterprises are far from being the backbone of R&D and innovation in spite of huge pushing Analysis Problems of concern • Though made lots of achievements and has clear roadmaps, problems remain with China’s S&T and innovation • Much more needs to be done to make our S&T and innovation system more effective

  36. 中国 创造 Made&Created by China Analysis Major Problems, Challenges and Opportunities for China • Anything big will be small with 1.3 billion • Anything small will be big with 1.3 billion • Constrains: resources, environment & energy S&T and Innovation: the Ultimate Solution • Must rely on S&T and innovations to transform our mode of economic development and to achieve sustainable development • Also Need to green our industrialization, urbanization, lifestyle and trade mode A knowledge-based economy is a must for China

  37. Concluding remarks • To accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development is the key strategic task of the whole nation for our construction of a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society • Must rely on S&T and innovations to achieve all this as required by China’s conditions and the world reality • A further enhanced S&T and innovation will guarantee China to take advantages of various S&T progress for the benefits of China and the world

  38. Concluding remarks • Innovations can only best occur with active international cooperation as it is an effective means to utilize global S&T progress, wisdom and innovative resources • International cooperation is strongly complimentary to each other as each has advantages • An enhanced partnership between both countries in S&T and innovation will surely lead us to a brighter and forever brighter future

  39. CAS and the World Thank you!

  40. INPUT OUTPUT Analysis For example: The output of Chinese knowledge & Tech intensive industry( KTI) remains to be low in spite of huge R&D investment from business China’s KTI share of the total economic output is about 20% , but US is 40%, EU 32% and Japan 30% Output of KTI as a share of GDP, by region/country: 1995 & 2010 Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012

  41. S&T Internal Evolution Major S&T Breakthroughs& World S&T Revolution Pressure on Resources & Environment Social Economic Development Needs International Financial Crisis Analysis Various interactions create the condition for such a revolution Interactions of various factors Showing increasingly obvious signs of revolutionary breakthroughs in major science fields and crucial technologies as occurred in history

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