THE WAR WAS A “TOTAL WAR” MEANING IT INVLOVED EVERY ASPECT EACH COUNTRY; SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL . WORLD WAR I

1. THE WAR WAS A “TOTAL WAR” MEANING IT INVLOVED EVERY ASPECT EACH COUNTRY; SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL. WORLD WAR II WILL ALSO BE A TOTAL WAR. WORLD WAR ONE WAS ALSO CALLED THE GREAT WAR, AND THE WAR TO END ALL WARS (1914-1918)

2. WE ARE ALL AWARE OF THE ALLIANCES THAT HELPED SPUR WWI AFTER THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND. CENTRAL POWERS: GERMANY, AUSTRIA HUNGARY AND ITALY (LATER THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WILL JOIN) TRIPLE ENTENTE: BRITAIN, FRANCE AND RUSSIA. OF COURSE THE US WILL JOIN LATER

4. CASUALTIES 16 MILLION DEAD!!!!!! 20 MILLION WOUNDED!!!!!!! WE ONLY LOST 3000 PEOPLE ON 9/11 IN 1916 ALONE: GERMANY LOSES 218,000 MEN FRANCE LOSES 315,000 ENGLAND 420,000 (60,000 IN ONE DAY) GERMANY, ANOTHER 450,000 AND THE FRENCH ANOTHER 200,000

5. BUT NOONE LOST MORE THAN RUSSIA; 5,000,000 MEN TOTAL: 2,000,000 SOLDIERS 2,000,000 PRISONERS OF WAR 1,000,000 MISSING 5 MILLION

7. NATIONALISM: CONGRESS OF VIENNA: • SIGNED AFTER NAPOLEON WAS FINALLY DEFEATED IN 1812

10. GERMANY WAS UNIFIED BY OTTO VON BISMARCK, WHO WAS FIERCLY NATIONALIST

11. ITALY WAS UNIFIED BY GIUSEPPE GIRABALDI WHO WAS ALSO FIERCELY NATIONALIST

12. FRANCE WAS UPSET AT HAVING LOST ALSACE-LORRAINE IN THE 1871 FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR

13. TOO MANY SLAVS IN THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE. THE RUSSIANS WERE DISPLEASED AND THE SLAVS WERE VEHEMENTLY NATIONALISTIC

15. IN FACT, RUSSIA AND AUSTRO-HUNAGRY ALWAYS HATED EACH OTHER AND BECAUSE EASTERN EUROPE WAS CONSTANTLY IN PLAY.

16. COUNT ALFRED VON SCHLIEFFEN WAS THE GENERAL CHIEF OF STAFF BEFORE WWI. HE ORIGINALLY FOUGHT IN THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR OF 1871

18. Schlieffen Plan : HE THOUGH ZE GERMANS COULD DEFEAT PARIS IN 39 DAYS AND ALL OF FRANCE IN 42!!!!!!!!!!!!! ZE GERMAS SENT 91% OF THEIR TROOPS TO FRANCE AND ONLY 9% TO RUSSIA

20. RUSSIA

21. RUSSIA: MILITARY DEATHS: 2 MILLION CIVILIAN DEATHS DUE TO MILITARY ACTIONS: 500,000 DISEASE: 1 MILLION WOUNDED: 4 MILLION

22. BECAUSE RUSSIA HAD SUFFERED SO MUCH, VLADIMIR LENIN SAW HIS OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE OVER RUSSIA AND START A COMMUNIST REVOLUTION (WE’LL LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS LATER). BUT WHEN HE DID, RUSSIA RETREATED FROM WWI

23. AS A RESULT, AFTER WWI RUSSIA LOST A GREAT DEAL OF LAND: FINLAND

24. IT ALSO LOST ESTONIA, LATVIA AND LITHUANIA (THE BALTIC STATES)

29. AND POLAND GOT A WHOLE LOT OF LAND FROM RUSSIA. LAND, BY THE WAY, THAT STALIN WILL TAKE BACK IN HIS DEAL WITH HITELR IN 1939 (THE MUNICH PACT)

32. MILTARISM AND THE ARMS RACE

33. DREADNOUGHT (THE 1ST BATTLESHIP; INVENTED BY THE BRITISH, COPIED BY ZE GERMANS)

34. IMPERIALISM

36. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE BECAME TURKEY

37. RUSSIA LOSES ESTONIA, LITHUANIA AND LATIVIA

39. ALSO: HENRY FORD BUILDS HIS AUTOMOBILE, THE MODEL-T

40. ALBERT EINSTEN DISCOVERS E=MC2

41. THE WRIGHT BROTHERS BUILD THE 1ST AIRPLANE

42. WE GET SILENT MOVIES

44. POST WAR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FOR BRITAIN 1. SPENT 15-20% OF ITS MONEY 2. 40% OF ITS SHIPS HAD BEEN DESTROYED 3. BORROWED HEAVILY FROM THE US (IN FACT, ONE OF THE ONLY REASONS WE HELPED ENGLAND EARLY ON WAS TO MAKE SURE THEY COULD PAY US BACK. SAME REASON WE HELPED EUROPE AFTER WWII 4. GERMANY WAS PAYING FRANCE IN COAL BUT FRANCE USED TO BUY ITS CAOL FROM ENGLAND.

45. President Woodrow Wilson in his December 7, 1915 State of the Union address “There are citizens of the United States ... who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the very arteries of our national life; who have sought to ring the authority and good name of our Government into contempt ... to destroy our industries ... and to debase our politics to the uses of foreign intrigue.... [W]e are without adequate federal laws.... I am urging you to do nothing less than save the honor and self-respect of the nation. Such creatures of passion, disloyalty, and anarchy must be crushed out.” PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON WAS ASKING CONGRESS TO LIMIT THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH DURING WAR TIME!!!! AND THEY DID!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! AND THE SUPREME COURT AGREED!

46. CONGRESS WOULD NOT ALLOW WILSON TO GET RID OF THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS AND DISALLOW NEWSPAPERS FROM SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE WAR. BUT WHAT IT REALLY DID WAS MAKE IT ILLEGAL TO INTERFERE WITH THE DRAFT “to cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or to willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States.” THEY ALSO MADE IT LEGAL FOR THE POST OFFICE TO REFUSE TO MAIL ANYTHING THAT VIEWED AS BREAKING THE LAW

47. CENSORHIP DURING WWI CHARLES SCHENCK WAS SECRETARY OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY AND HE CONVICETD FOR MAILING OUT 15,000 ANTI-WAR LEAFLETS

48. HE ARGUED THAT THE DRAFT VIOLATED OUR 13TH AMENDMENT RIGHTS AGAINST INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE

49. HE WAS CONVICTED OF VIOLATING WOODROW WILSON’S ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1917.

50. THE SUPREME COURT RULED UNANIMOUSLY THAT THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH DURING WAR TIME CONSTITUES A “CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER” COMPARABLE TO YELLING “FIRE” IN A CROWDED THEATRE