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1.2 Ecosystems

1.2 Ecosystems. What is an ecosystem?. Biomes can be divided into many different types of ecosystems. An ecosystem is made up of many parts. a biotic components include oxygen, water, nutrients, light, and soil. Biotic components include plants, animals and microorganisms.

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1.2 Ecosystems

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  1. 1.2 Ecosystems

  2. What is an ecosystem? • Biomes can be divided into many different types of ecosystems. • An ecosystem is made up of many parts. abiotic components include oxygen, water, nutrients, light, and soil. • Biotic components include plants, animals and microorganisms.

  3. Ecosystems can be extremely large taking up many hectares of land or small, such as a tide pool or a rotting log. • Within ecosystems arehabitats. A habitatis the place in which an organism lives.

  4. Abiotic Interactions in Ecosystems • The abiotic components are just as important as the biotic components to an ecosystem. • Abiotic factors include oxygen, water, nutrients, light and soil.

  5. Oxygenis produced by plants and certain micro-organisms and is used by animals and most other micro-organisms. • Water is necessary for all life. • Nutrients,(such as nitrogen, and phosphorus) often enter the food chain with plants and are very important for growth. • Light is required for photosynthesis, which is the process in plants that converts and stores the Sun’s energy into starches and carbohydrates. • C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy • Soil not only contains water and nutrients but also is home to many plants and animals.

  6. Biotic Interactions in Ecosystems • Aspeciesis a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce to create offspring. • A population refers to all the members of a particular species within an ecosystem. • A community is all the populations of the different species thatinteract in a specific area or ecosystem. These biotic interactions are sometimes ordered in an ecologicalhierarchy of organism, population, community, and ecosystem.

  7. Self checks: answer the following with your partner and complete WB pg 10-12 • What is an ecosystem? • What is a habitat? • What are 3 abiotic components of ecosystems necessary for supporting life? • Explain why soil is important to ecosystems? • What is a species? • What is a population? • What is a community?

  8. Biotic Interactions in Populations • Within an ecosystem, organisms interact constantly within their species and with other organisms. Three kinds of symbiotic interactions in ecosystems are • Commensalism • Mutualism • Parasitism. Symbiosis refers to the interaction between members of two different species that live together in a close association

  9. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed. • Ex 1 the barnacles on a whale • Ex 2crimson anemone provides shelter and protection for the candy-striped shrimp

  10. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. • Ex. Abee gathering nectar from a flower

  11. Parasitism – one species benefits, the other is harmed • Example: hookworm living in dogs • Example: mosquito and human

  12. Self Checks • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q&feature=related • What is symbiosis? • What is commensalism? • Give an example of mutualism. • Give and example of parasitism

  13. Niches • A niche refers to the role an organism has within an ecosystem, physically, chemically and biologically.

  14. Competition • Competition is a harmful interaction between two or more organisms that can occurs when a resource is needed by two or more individuals. • Competition usually means resources are limited. • This limits the size and health of that individual and perhaps that population.

  15. Predation • Predation is the relationship between the “eaters” (predators) and the “eaten” (prey). • Predators have adaptations to help them catch their prey. • Prey have adaptations to help avoid predators. • Examples of adaptations include spines and shells, camouflage and mimicry. • The numbers of predators and prey influence each other.

  16. Predator-prey relationship between lynx and snowshoe hare The prey population grows when there are few predators, but as the prey population grows, the predator population begins to grow decreasing the pray population. As the prey population shrinks, the predator population shrinks and the process repeats.

  17. Biodiversity in Ecosystems • Biodiversity refers to the variety and number of different individuals and species in an ecosystem. • Healthy ecosystems generally have high biodiversity. • Most biodiversity losses occur from the loss of habitat. • Humans often have a negative impact on biodiversity. • Many efforts are now made to lessen this impact in order to maintain biodiversity. • Ecological management programs try to balance human progress with maintaining biodiversity.

  18. Homework • Textbook page 51 #1-8, 12, 13

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