Web Games Programming

Web Games Programming Creating and Using GUI Components

Agenda • GUI Components • GUI Layout • Using Styles and Skins for Design ‘Look and Feel’ • Scripting GUI Communication with World Objects

Unity GUI Components • The Unity Graphical User Interface (GUI) component library includes all the typical elements for building interfaces • Buttons, Check Boxes, Radio Buttons, Text Fields, Edit Fields, Scroll Bars • Unity also features horizontal and vertical sliders for controlling continuous value based data • Components are positioned on a coordinate grid that relates to the current screen size of the deployed project • Components can be grouped so that there screen position may be declared or modified collectively

GUI Basics function OnGUI () { // Make a background box GUI.Box(Rect (10,10,100,90), "Loader Menu"); // Makethefirstbutton. Whenpressed,load a scene if(GUI.Button (Rect (20,40,80,20), "Level 1")) { Application.LoadLevel(1); } // Make the secondbutton. if(GUI.Button (Rect (20,70,80,20), "Level 2")) { Application.LoadLevel(2); } }

Example of GUI Box and Buttons

Declaring GUI Controls • Type (Position, Content) – Type is the control type e.g. Button, Label etc. • The Position is the first argument in any GUI Control function. • The argument itself is provided with a Rect() function. • Rect() defines four properties: left-most position, top-most position, total width, total height. • All of these values are provided in integers, which correspond to pixel values. • All Unity GUI controls work in Screen Space, which is the resolution of the published player in pixels.

Declaring GUI Controls • Content - The second argument for a GUI Control is the actual content to be displayed with the Control. • Most often you will want to display some text or an image on your Control. • To display text, pass a string as the Content argument like this: function OnGUI () { GUI.Label (Rect (0,0,100,50), ”Hello World"); } Thus GUI.Label is the Type, Rect (0,0,100, 50) is the Position(x=0, y=0, width of 100 (pixels), height of 50 (pixels)) Content is “Hello World”

GUI Styles and GUI Skins • GUI Control appearances are dictated with GUIStyles. • By default, when you create a Control without defining a GUIStyle, Unity's default GUIStyle is applied. • GUIStyles are designed to mimic Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for web browsers. • Where the Control defines the content, the Style defines the appearance. This allows you to create combinations like a functional Toggle which looks like a normal Button. • GUISkinsare a collection of GUIStyles. Styles define the appearance of a GUI Control. You do not have to use a Skin if you want to use a Style.

GUI Skins • GUI Control appearances are dictated with GUIStyles. • By default, when you create a Control without defining a GUIStyle, Unity's default GUIStyle is applied. • GUIStyles are designed to mimic Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for web browsers. • Many different CSS methodologies have been adapted, including differentiation of individual state properties for styling, and separation between the content and the appearance. • Where the Control defines the content, the Style defines the appearance. This allows you to create combinations like a functional Toggle which looks like a normal Button.

Example GUIStyle

Example GUISkin

The OnGUI () Function function OnGUI () { if(GUI.Button (Rect (25, 25, 100, 30), "Button")) { // code hereisexecutedwhen the Button isclicked } }

GUI Communication with another Script GUIControl.js function OnGui(){ Button with code to handle event and communicate with aScript.js aScript.js Code to handle message sent by GUIControl.js attached to dummy object Game Object

GUI to Script Example Number of Missiles (Text Field) Fire! (Button) 16 (1 x 1) CubePhysics Wall

Wall After Missile Launched via Fire Button

OnGui() function to send message to function in launchMissile script GUIControl.js function OnGui(){ Button with code to handle event and communicate with function in launchMissile.js launchMissile.js Code to handle message sent by GUIControl.js “Launcher” Game Object

The OnGUI () function in GUIControl.js // declare a variable of type GameObject var cannon:GameObject; function OnGUI () { // assign the game object with the name//”Launcher” to the variable cannon = GameObject.Find("Launcher");

The OnGUI () Function if (GUI.Button (Rect (10,10,50,40), "Fire!")) { /* get the component (script) calledlaunchMissile and call the functionitcontainscalledfireMissile() */ cannon.GetComponent(launchMissile).fireMissile(); }

Function in launchMissile.js // this function is called when the fire button is pressed //in GUIControl.js function fireMissile(){ Instantiate(aMissile, transform.position, transform.rotation); }

Updating the TextField in GUIControl.js varnumberOfMissiles:int = 0; varmissileCount:String; GUI.TextField(Rect (400, 30, 50, 20), missileCount, 25); function Update () { // convert the numberOfMissiles to a String Type // then assign value to missile count variable missileCount= numberOfMissiles.ToString(); }

Summary • The Unity Graphical User Interface (GUI) component library includes all the typical elements for building interfaces • GUIStyles are designed to mimic Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for web browsers. GUISkins are a collection of styles. • By default, when you create a Control without defining a GUIStyle, Unity's default GUIStyle is applied. • The function OnGUI() is used to include components that provide the interface look and feel. • Communication to other scripts from OnGUI is achieved by using code which finds game objects that have named scripts attached, then reference the required function in that script. • var variableName:GameObject; • variableName = GameObject.Find(”GameObject"); • variableName.GetComponent(scriptNameAttachedToGameObject).functionName();

Web Games Programming