エキゾチックな チャームハドロン・原子核

1. エキゾチックなチャームハドロン・原子核 安井繁宏 KEK JAEAセミナー@2011.1.13

2. Contents 1. Introduction 2. CharmedNucleiwith D mesons 3. OtherCharmedNuclear Systems 4. Experiments 5. Summary

3. 1. Introduction Strangeness Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...) K mesoncf. Λ(1405) neutron proton Nucleus

4. 1. Introduction Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...) K mesoncf. Λ(1405) neutron proton StangenessNucleus

5. 1. Introduction

6. 1. Introduction Whatarecharm/bottomnuclei? Charm/Bottom neutron proton Nucleus

7. 1. Introduction Whatarecharm/bottomnuclei? Charm/Bottom Baryons Λc, Σc, Λb, Σb, … Dover-Kahana (1977) Iwao (1977) Gatto-Paccanoni (1978) Bando-Bando (1982) ... neutron proton Nucleus

8. 1. Introduction Whatarecharm/bottomnuclei? Charm/Bottom Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, … neutron proton Nucleus

9. 1. Introduction Whatarecharm/bottomnuclei? Charm/Bottom Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, … Brodsky-Schmidt-Teramond (1990) Luke-Manohar-Savage (1992) Yokokawa-Sasaki-Hatsuda- -Hayashigaki (2006) Kawanai-Sasaki (2010) ... neutron proton Nucleus

10. 1. Introduction Whatarecharm/bottomnuclei? Charm/Bottom Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, … Thisisoursubject! neutron proton Nucleus

11. 1. Introduction Questions 1. Do charmed nuclei exist? 2. What is the real ground state of nuclear many body systems? Strangeness nuclei are more “stable” than normal nuclei. How about charmed nuclei? 3. How do nucleichangebystrangenessand/orcharm? strangeness→ SU(3) flavorchiralsymmetry : SU(3)f charm→ SU(2) spin symmetry : SU(2)f × SU(2)spin 4. Couldcharmednucleiexist intheuniverse? Orarethey “artificial“ nucleiproducedonlybyus? (à la artificial matter likenewmaterials in nano-science!)

13. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons

14. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Q. What is the interaction between D (B) and N ? D (B) ?? N

15. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... K N D N B N K N D N B N SU(3) SU(4) SU(5) Weinberg-Tomozawa Lutz-Kolomeitsev (2004), Hoffmann-Lutz (2005), Mizutani-Ramos (2006), Gamermann- Oset-Strottman-Vacas (2007), Haidenbauer-Krein-Meissner-Sibirtsev (2007),Tolos- Molina-Gamermann-Gracia-Reico-Nieves-Oset-Ramos (2010) ...

16. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... K* K* is almost irrelevant in dynamics. vector D* and B* are new ingredients! 400 MeV D* B* 140 MeV pseudo- scalar 45 MeV D B K 500 MeV 1870 MeV 5280 MeV Chiral Symmetry Heavy Quark Symmetry

17. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... KN interaction D(B)N interaction K D B N N N p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ K D B N N N One pion is absent. (short range force) One pion is present. (long range force) Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP) S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

18. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... KN interaction D(B)N interaction K D* B* N N N p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ K D B N N N One pion is absent. (short range force) One pion is present. (long range force) Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP) S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

19. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... KN interaction D(B)N interaction K D B N N N p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ K D* B* N N N One pion is absent. (short range force) One pion is present. (long range force) Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP) S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

20. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... KN interaction D(B)N interaction K D* B* N N N p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ p, ω, ρ K D* B* N N N One pion is absent. (short range force) One pion is present. (long range force) Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP) S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

21. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons One pion exchange potential (OPEP) Heavy Quark Symmetry G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992) M.B. Wise (1992) T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997) D(*) N p, ω, ρ with P=D, B vector + pseudoscalar D(*) N One-Pion-Exchange Potential S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

22. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Q. Are there bound states of D (B) and N ? D (B) ?? N D(cq)-N(qqq) B(bq)-N(qqq) * No annihilation process

23. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009) Classification of states |state> = |PN>+ |P*N> P=D(cq), B (bq) * No annihilation process JP=1/2- (I=0 or 1) |PN; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 4D1/2 > 1 1/2 0 1/2 1 1/2 d-wave s-wave s-wave + + N N N P* P P* Strong tensor attraction mixing s- and d-waves Cf. s-wave and d-wave tensor mixing in deuterons JP=3/2- (I=0 or 1) → Similar, but no boundstate

24. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons JP=1/2-, I=0 wavefunctionsobtainedbyvariationalmethod DN B.E. [MeV] 3.0 r [fm] 2.3 DN (2S1/2) strongtensorcoupling D*N (4D1/2) D*N (2S1/2)

25. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons DN and BN boundstates JP=1/2- (I=0) Strangeness Charm Bottom KN (pentaquark?) 100 MeV K + N D + N B + N 3 MeV 100 MeV threshold DN bound state BN bound state |DN; I=0> = |D-p> + |D0n> + |D*-p> + |D*0n> sqqqq cqqqq bqqqq weak decay D*→Dπisclosed. K+ p π - π -

26. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Λ(1405) DN state H dibaryon BN state B.E. 100 MeV 2255 MeV 2807 MeV 6217 MeV 1433 MeV ΞN DN BN KN ΛΛ B.E. 3 MeV 2230MeV πΣ 1330 MeV

27. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Λ(1405) DN state H dibaryon BN state B.E. 100 MeV 2255 MeV 2807 MeV 6217 MeV 1433 MeV ΞN DN BN KN ΛΛ B.E. 3 MeV 2230MeV Charm/Bottom nuclei πΣ 1330 MeV Hypernuclei Knuclei

28. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons Q. Are there exotic nuclei with D (B) ? D (B) N N A=2 charmed (bottom) nucleus ?

29. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009) DNN and BNN systems Classification of states JP=0- D(*) S=1/2 I=0 I=1/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> S=1/2 I=0 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> N I=3/2 N JP=1- I=1/2 |D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1> I=3/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1>

30. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009) DNN and BNN systems Classification of states Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0 JP=0- D(*) S=1/2 I=0 I=1/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> S=1/2 I=0 1/4 3/4 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> N I=3/2 N 0 JP=1- I=1/2 |D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1> 1/6 1/4 1/4 I=3/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> 0

31. 2.CharmedNucleiwith D mesons S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009) DNN and BNN systems Classification of states Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0 JP=0- D(*) S=1/2 I=0 I=1/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> S=1/2 I=0 1/4 3/4 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> N I=3/2 N weak decay K+ π- π- + p + p 0 JP=1- I=1/2 |D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1> 1/6 1/4 1/4 I=3/2 |D(NN)S=0,I=1> 0 weak decay K+ π- π- + d Cf. D-→ K+ π- π-

33. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems

34. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems J/ψ-nuclei J/ψ-Ninteractionisalwaysattractive. Buttheattractionis so weak. Theremaybeboundstatefor A>10. ~ Λc-nuclei Λc-Ninteractionwouldbeattractive. Butdetailsarenotyetclear. Hc-dibaryon Diquarkpicturesuggestsudusucstates. Repulsiveinstantoninteractionisweaker.

35. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y., Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009) Hc-dibaryon (udusuc) Hc Λc Σ s + c c u u u u s d d S=-1 -28.9 MeV u u -17.3 MeV S=-2 B.E. S=-3 -17.4 MeV

36. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y., Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009) Hc-dibaryon (udusuc) Hc Λc Σ s + c c u u u u s d d S=-1 -28.9 MeV u u -17.3 MeV S=-2 B.E. S=-3 -17.4 MeV

37. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y., Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009) Hc-dibaryon (udusuc) Hc Λc Σ s + c c u u u u s d d S=-1 -28.9 MeV u u -17.3 MeV S=-2 B.E. S=-3 -17.4 MeV

38. 3.OtherCharmedNuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y., Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)

40. 4. Experiments

41. 4. Experiments Factorization Theorem • Cross section can be factorized in pQCD: • Inclusive hadron production PDF and FF: Determined using experimental data Amplitude: Calculable in pQCD

42. 4. Experiments Charm Production @J-PARC • Subprocesses for Dbar production • O(as2) 2→2 tree-level channels in LO NLO → K factor x LO well-calculated inperturbation theory in αs J-PARC → pp ggdominance GSI → pp qqdominance

43. 4. Experiments Numerical Results • Cross section of D-bar production: • Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR. J-PARC √s=8 GeV N = 15.5x106 /week √s=10 GeV N = 66.0x106 /week GSI PANDA, PAX √s=5.5 GeV N = 0.50x106 /week N = 8.33x106 /week √s=14.5 GeV Yield : N = σ・L・Br・ε LJ-PARC = 3.6 x 106 nb-1/week Br(D-→K+π-π-) = 0.094 from PDG09 LGSI = 6.3 x 104 nb-1/week ε 〜 0.2

44. 4. Experiments Numerical Results • D-bar N cross section is estimated as follows. • Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR. π + contact B potential model J-PARC N = 23.7x103 /week N = 100.0 x103 /week GSI PANDA, PAX N = 0.75x103 /week N = 12.58x103 /week

45. 4. Experiments Relativisticheavyioncollisions as sources of multi-particles

46. 4. Experiments Relativisticheavyioncollisions as sources of multi-particles RHIC/LHC Nucleus Nucleus

47. 4. Experiments Relativisticheavyioncollisions as sources of multi-particles RHIC/LHC QGP Nucleus Nucleus

48. 4. Experiments Relativisticheavyioncollisions as sources of multi-particles RHIC/LHC Hadronphase p, Λ, ... QGP π, K, ... f0, a0, ... STAR (2003) Λ3H STAR (2010) Exotics?

49. 4. Experiments Relativisticheavyioncollisions as sources of multi-particles RHIC/LHC Hadronphase p, Λ, ... π, K, ... f0, a0, ... STAR (2003) Λ3H STAR (2010) Exotics?

50. 4. Experiments yields of hadronsfromheavyioncolisions S. Cho et al. (theExHICcollaboration), arXiv:1011.0852 [nucl-th] ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaboration S. Cho (Yonsei U.),T. Furumoto(YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology),D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)