Cell Transport and Division

1. Cell Transport and Division Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth, Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman Period 1

2. Passive Transport • Movement of material down the concentration gradient • Does NOT require energy from the cell • Diffusion • The movement of random particles down the concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium • Osmosis • The movement of water to create equilibrium

3. Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Passive transport by proteins (no energy required) • Channel Proteins • Form channels to allow specific molecules to flow through • Carrier Proteins • Change shape to allow a substance to pass through the membrane

4. Diffusion • Isotonic • The [solutes] and [water] inside and outside the cell are the same • Hypotonic • the [solutes] outside the cell lower than inside the cell. The [water] is higher outside the cell. • Hypertonic • The [solutes] outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. The [water] is lower outside the cell

5. Active Transport • Movement of materials though a membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient • Requires energy from cell

6. Transport of Large Molecules • Endocytosis- the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment.(engulfea) • Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell.

7. Diffusion • Osmosis

8. Cell Cycle • The life cycle of a cell; events when the cell grows and divides

9. Mitosis • Interphase • When the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles • Prophase • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Centrioles separate, and a spindle forms. The nuclear envelope begins to break down

10. Mitosis • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each one is connected to a spindle fiver at its centromere • Anaphase • The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

11. Mitosis • Telophase • The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell, the chromosomes begin to loose their definite shape • Cytokinesis • The cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell has an identical set of chromosomes

12. Control of Cell Cycle • Enzymes work to monitor a cells progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle • Some enzymes work to replicate DNA, some begin cell division, and others control the rest of the cell cycle

13. Cancer • A mistake in the cell cycle • Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell division caused by genetic and environmental factors • Uncontrolled cell division occurs when • Cells fail to produce certain enzymes • Enzymes are over produced • Enzymes are produced at the wrong time

14. Stages of Cancer • Cancer cells result from a change in one or more genes • Form masses of tissue called tumors that deprive normal cells of nutrients • Later cancer can enter the circulatory system and spread throughout the body

15. Question 1 Passive transport is the movement of materials _________ the concentration gradient. a. Through b. Against c. Down d. Up

16. Question 2 Osmosis if the movement of ________ to create equilibrium. • Water • Particles • Molecules • Cells

17. Question 3 What is the correct order of the cell cycle? • G1, G2, S, M • M, S, G1, G2 • S, G1, M, G2 • M, G1, S, G2

18. Question 4 Which phase is this? • Metaphase • Anaphase • Prophase • Telophase

19. Question 5 Which type of transport requires energy? • Active • Passive

20. Question 6 What is the first stage of mitosis? • Interphase • Prophase • Anaphase • Cytokinesis

21. Question 7 ________ solution: the [solutes] outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. • Isotonic • Hypertonic • Hypotonic

22. Question 8 What does [x] mean?

23. Question 9 Cancer is the result of what?

24. Question 10 What is one example of uncontrolled cell division?

25. Answer Key 10. Cells fail to produce certain enzymes/ enzymes are overproduced/ enzymes are produced at the wrong time • C • A • D • A • A • B • C • Concentration of x • Uncontrolled cell division