TESTS NOT GRADED YET, SORRY :/ By end of day! Test corrections Monday – Friday next week

1. TESTS NOT GRADED YET, SORRY :/ • By end of day! • Test corrections Monday – Friday next week • Lunch, or extra class time • Instructions will be on side board – don’t‘ remove any materials from the classroom

2. Learning Intro & Classical Conditioning Chapter 8 – No Test, on Exam!

3. What we’ll be looking at: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING* Pavlov’s Experiments OPERANT CONDITIONING Skinner’s Experiments LEARNING BY OBSERVATION Bandura’s Experiments REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES Positive & Negative Px effects on behavior

4. Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. • Learningis more flexible in comparison to genetically‐programmed behaviors

5. How do we learn? • We learn by association • Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence • 2000 years ago: Aristotle suggested this law of association • 200 years ago: Locke and Hume reiterated this law

6. Stimulus- Stimulus Learning • Learning to associate one stimulus with another

7. Response-Consequence Learning • Learning to associate a response with a consequence.

8. What is conditioning? • The process of learning associations • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – learning in which organisms come to associate stimuli • Aka “Pavlonian Conditioning”

9. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Pavlov’s Dogs – Experiment • Ring tone, no response -Give dog food, dog salivates • So….. • TONE + FOOD (repeat) = TONE ALONE  salivate

10. Variables to Know (Classical) Unconditioned Response (UCR) – not learned Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Neutral Stimulus (NS) – no effect at start Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – NS becomes CS Conditioned Response (CR) – learned response

11. Variables to Know (Classical) Unconditioned Response (UCR) • Ex. Salivation (not learned) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) • Ex. FOOD – naturally causes salivation Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes (CS) • Ex. TONE – no response at first • when paired with UCS CS (learned) Conditioned Response (CR) • Ex. Hear tone, salivate (learned/conditioned)

12. Let’s try… • List NS, UCR, UCS, CS, CR for the following: A mother of a child who slams the door every morning in a hurry to get to school begins to flinch every morning when her son says “Goodbye.”

13. Tactless Tom yells at Emotional Ernie. As a result, Ernie’s blood pressure rises automatically. The next time that Ernie sees Tom, Ernie’s blood pressure rises. • UCS CR • UCR • NS CS

14. A young child who reaches out to pet a barking dog is bitten by the dog and cries. Every time she hears a dog bark, she whimpers. • UCS CR • UCR • NS CS

15. Other Classical Terms to know • Acquisition • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery