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Clinical calculations

Clinical calculations. Number systems: Arabic Roman. Systems used for Drug adminstration. Metric system Apothecary system Household system. METRIC SYSTEM. DECIMAL SYSTEM THREE BASIC UNITS GRAM LITER METER. CONVERSIONS WITHIN METRIC SYSTEM. LARGER to smaller: multiply

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Clinical calculations

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  1. Clinical calculations • Number systems: • Arabic • Roman

  2. Systems used for Drug adminstration • Metric system • Apothecary system • Household system

  3. METRIC SYSTEM • DECIMAL SYSTEM • THREE BASIC UNITS • GRAM • LITER • METER

  4. CONVERSIONS WITHIN METRIC SYSTEM • LARGER to smaller: multiply • smaller to LARGER: divide *Eliminate unnecessary “0” *PRECEDE decimal with “0”

  5. APOTHECARY SYSTEM • Roman numerals • Fractions • Name precedes number

  6. Conversions within apothecary system • Larger to smaller unit, multiply • Smaller to larger unit, divide (By constant value)

  7. CONVERSIONS WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD SYSTEM • LARGER TO SMALLER UNIT • SMALLER TO LARGER UNIT (By constant value)

  8. CONVERSIONS WITH THE THREE SYSTEMS • Metric and apothecary equivalents are approximations • Unequal values should be rounded to nearest whole number • You must memorize

  9. memorize • 1 gr = 60 mg • 1 g = 15 gr • 1 L = 32 oz • 1 oz = 30 mL • 2 T = 30 mL • 3 t = 1 T

  10. OTHER DRUG RELATED INFO • ABBREVIATIONS • Drug forms • Drug measurements • Routes of administration • Times of administration

  11. METHODS OF CALCULATIONS • BASIC FORMULA D = desired dose H = on-hand dose V = vehicle (form and amt that drug comes)

  12. Ratio and proportion H and V: left side, known quantities D and X: right side, desired dose and unknown (means & extremes, solve for “X”)

  13. Fractional equation • Similar to ratio/proportion • Written as fraction • Cross multiply, solve for “X”

  14. Dimensional Analysis • Drug dose form (V) • Equivalency in units (H) • Conversion factor (C) • Drug order factor (D)

  15. Individualizing doses • Dosing by actual body weight • Convert pounds to kilograms • Determine dose per body weight

  16. remember • I kg = 2.2 pounds • 2.2 pounds = 1 kg

  17. Cc = mL 30 mL = 1 oz 2 T = 6 t 5 mL = 1 t Gr 1 = 60 mg Gr xv = 1 g QD BID TID QID Qh NPO STAT PRN BASICS TO REMEMBER

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