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Chapter 43

Chapter 43. Stagnation. End of 60s= economic decline Productivity slowed 1945-70 doubled standard of living 1970 would get so bad take 500 years to double again Women worked to add income. Cause?. Women and teens in workplace Less skill and not full time

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Chapter 43

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  1. Chapter 43

  2. Stagnation • End of 60s= economic decline • Productivity slowed • 1945-70 doubled standard of living • 1970 would get so bad take 500 years to double again • Women worked to add income

  3. Cause? • Women and teens in workplace • Less skill and not full time • Declining investment in new machinery • Vietnam war • Oil on rise • Inflation: too few dollars chasing too few goods • German and Japanese caught and surpassed us

  4. Nixon • Odd • Suspicious • Good at foreign affairs

  5. Nixon’s Vietnam • Had promised to get us out • Vietnamization: withdraw troops • SV take over fight • Nixon Doctrine: Asians fight own war • Doves still not happy, but better direction • Protesters in many cities

  6. Nixon tries to appeal to Silent Majority • Sent out Agnew to deal with Nattering Nabobs • Nixon said protestors bums, not good PR

  7. Stats • Jan 70: 40,000 killed • 250,000 wounded • People losing face • Exemption seemed to favor rich • Soldiers burned out, not sure what goals are • My Lai becomes known • Nixon needs support, starts softening on civil rights to get southern vote

  8. Cambodianizing the War • 1970 Nixon invades Cambodia • Did not ask Congress • Wanted to clean out havens • Colleges break out in protest • Kent State • Jackson State • Nixon withdraws in two months • Gulf of Tonkin Repealed • 26th amendment lowered voting to 18

  9. 1971 doves tried to shut down DC • Pentagon papers leak out from Ellsberg • Nixon needs out of Vietnam

  10. Detente • End Vietnam through China and Russia? • Two were fighting over the Right Communism • NSA Kissinger meeting with N V in 69 in Paris • Nixon says he will visit China!

  11. Nixon surprised everyone • 1972 • Then stopped in Russia on way home! • Détente: Relaxed tension • First ABM Treaty • SALT • Not a complete end to missiles. • Beginning

  12. New Team on Supreme Court • 50’s and 60’s saw a new court under Warren. More protective of individual rights • Griswold v. Conn • Gideon v. Wainwright • Escobedo • Voted against school prayer • Nixon wanted to get more conservative Judge. Does with Burger

  13. Nixon on home front • Nixon at odds with Demo congress often • Nixon used Impoundment: holding on to money he was sup. To spend • Revenue sharing: 30 mil to states to let them spend • New Federalism: dissolved social programs, let states figure it out

  14. EPA • 1962 Rachel Carson: Silent Spring • Clean Air Act 1970 • Resource Conservation Act 76 • Clean Water Act 1972 • Superfund: 1980 clean up toxic dumps

  15. Inflation • 90 day wage freeze • Took us off gold standard • 1st major change since FDR’s Bretton Woods • Congress raised SS if COL rose more then 3% • Actually hurt us

  16. Southern Strategy • Needed vote for upcoming election • Appt. consv. SC • Appeal to white voters • Opposed bussing programs • Swan Case

  17. 1972 • Vietnam still issue • Nixon had promised peace • NV invaded DMZ • Nixon starts massive bombing campaign • Blockaded harbors with mines • Russia and China did not react, and NV stopped offensive

  18. 1972 • Vietnam led to McGovern 1972 • Demo • Promised to pull troops • Got backing of anti war • His appeal to underrepresented lost him the party • His VP Eagleton: undergone Psychiatric care

  19. Nixon ran on winding the war down • Kissinger said Peace was at hand • Nixon won • Young did not bother to register • Not a mandate though • Houses stayed Demo

  20. Bombing NV to the Peace table • The dove flew away after the election • Continued bombing • Jan. 23 1973 ceasefire • Peace with Honor • US withdraw • Get POWS • SV get money from us • Election to determine future • NV allowed to keep 145,000 in V • Disguised retreat?

  21. Watergate • 1972 bungled burglary • Working for CREEP • Dirty Tricks • By 1974 29 people indicted • Illegal use of FBI And CIA • IRS used to audit people might be giving Nixon hard time • White House enemies list • Break in to Ellsberg's shrink • S Sam Ervin in charge of com. To investigate • John Dean the white house lawyer testified to lots of WH involvement in shady affairs • Dean accused Nixon of Watergate

  22. Tapes? • Someone said there were tapes! • Other parties did not know they were being recorded! • These tapes could prove Nixon’s guilt • Nixon not give up tapes: Executive Privilege • Agnew: Kickbacks • 25th amendment: appt. vps • Ford gets appointed • Sat night massacre: Cox special prosecutor issued subpoena for tapes, Nixon fires Cox and takes resign of Att Gen for not firing Cox

  23. 1973 US finds out we have been bombing Cambodia since 1970 14 months prior to incursion Continued after peace talks Public mad House would try to veto funding, but Nixon would override Running out of money, got Nixon to promise to end Cambodia in trouble: Pol Pot takes charge: Genocide War Powers Act 1973 New Isolationism Draft over Youth not as mad, regular army fighting now Pull back of US forces everywhere Secret Bombing of Cambodia

  24. 1973 Syrians and Egyptians open up on Israel Kissinger goes to Moscow to get Russians to stop helping US troops on ready and airlift to Israel OPEC wants us to pay for helping Israel 1973 oil embargo Hurt heat and cars Woke us up to need for alternative 1974 oil in Alaska Speed limit Solar and wind power nuclear Arab Oil Embargo/Crisis

  25. Embargo is an end of an era Cheap energy in the past Oil prod. Down US auto not pay attention to gas mileage End to dependence on coal, but oil instead US oil addicted and needed OPEC oil up 4x International Energy Agency Study best ways to use products

  26. 1974 Nixon agrees to partial release of tape SC said he had to right to Exec. Priv. House began impeachment on grounds of obstruction Tapes proved he had CIA hold back info on break in He had lied since he said to public he knew nothing His party told him to resign, he could keep bennies Aug. 8 he resigned Jail to the chief No one is above law, and the gov. kept going Unmaking of a president

  27. Pres. By vote of Congress Not elected, selected Pardoned Nixon Destroyed his chance in 76 Ford: Unelected

  28. Wanted to continue Détente Helsinki Accords Recognized boundaries of USSR SU said be more liberal SU restricted Jewish emigration US had to add punitive restrictions People in US feel Détente is one way street Thaw over? Ford goods and bad

  29. NV pushes S Ford wants more weapons for SV, but Congress says no 1975 Americans flee 140000 SV saved 500000 eventually found way to US Defeat in Vietnam

  30. Vietnam ended S lost war not US 118 billion 58000 dead 300000 wounded America had loss face End

  31. 1976 election Carter v Ford Carter Dark horse, peanut farmer Reaction vote Narrow victory Walked, Jeffersonian Both house Demo Department of Energy created Wanted tax reform He was an outsider and things would go south Bicentennial

  32. Wanted to show a more compassionate America Lashed dictators of Uganda and Cuba Cut aid to repressive govs Looked to champion repressed groups in other countries like Africa Major accomplishment with Camp David Accords Carter as Humanitarian

  33. 1978 Egypt and Israel Sadat and Begin 13 days Israel give land back Egypt respect boundaries Then Carter opened relations with China Ownership of Canal to Panama in 2000 However in long run, Carter will look weak Camp David

  34. Prices rise Oil price hikes OPEC Recession Fixed incomes: suffered High cost to borrow money Carter said we needed to get off Foreign oil Energy crusade Legislation to improve energy consumption, make smaller cars Economy

  35. Energy woes • 1979 revolt against the Shah we helped install in 53 • Iranian oil stopped flowing • Rising oil prices • Lifted price controls on domestic oil • Went to Camp David and called in people to help • He said we were in a moral crisis • Energy Security Corporation: conserve and new types of energy • Fired four cabinet secretaries • Losing touch?

  36. Foreign Affairs • 1979 Carter and Brezhnev meet • SALT II • Could not get Senate to approve • SU sent special brigade to Cuba, made it harder to work with Senate • Nov 4 embassy in Tehran stormed and hostages taken • Damnaded Shah back and Khomeini said that US was going to attack Mecca

  37. US tried to figure out what to do • SU attacked Afghanistan • Near Iran and Oil • Embargo on USSR • Boycott Olympic games in Moscow • Rapid Deployment force planned

  38. Hostage Crisis • Carter tried to employ economic sanctions • Rescue mission, 8 killed in collision • Continued till Carter left office • 444 days

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