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Hooray or Sadly It’s Week Six This is the Final Lesson

Hooray or Sadly It’s Week Six This is the Final Lesson. Synthesizers. Lesson’s Objective. Explain the usage of the 5 most important synthesis modules: Oscillator Filter Amplifier Envelope LFO. Definition … Oscillator. Oscillator Produces Four Basic Waveforms Sine Pure Single Tone

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Hooray or Sadly It’s Week Six This is the Final Lesson

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  1. Hooray or SadlyIt’s Week SixThis is the Final Lesson Synthesizers

  2. Lesson’s Objective Explain the usage of the 5 most important synthesis modules: • Oscillator • Filter • Amplifier • Envelope • LFO Conrad P Koch Jr

  3. Definition … Oscillator • Oscillator • Produces Four Basic Waveforms • Sine • Pure Single Tone • Single Frequency • Square • A Hollow Sound as in a Clarinet • Fundamental • Plus Odd Harmonics Frequencies • Sawtooth • As in a Stringed Instrument • Fundamental • Plus Odd and Even Harmonics • Noise • Or White Noise • Random Amplitudes • Occurring at Random Timing • Over Entire Frequency Band Conrad P Koch Jr

  4. Definition .. Filter A Device that Selectively Enhances or Inhibits Signal Amplitudes Over (Audible) Frequencies • Lo-Pass • Inhibits Amplitudes of Upper Frequencies • Most Used Filter in a Synth • Gets rid of “trilly and sharp” upper frequency “junk” • Hi-Pass • Inhibits Amplitudes Lower Frequencies • Band Pass • Enhance Amplitudes Over Specific Frequencies • Notch Filters • Inhibits Amplitudes Over Specific Frequencies Conrad P Koch Jr

  5. What’s Filter Resonance • Guitar Strings Create Resonance • The Volume Becomes Loud When the String is Struck. • “Box” Is Excited as one of the Guitar’s Natural Frequencies is Struck • The “Box” Resonates • At its Fundamental Frequency and • Its Many Harmonics • Filter Resonance Is Similar • Output Volume Increases • As a Result of Feedback to the Filter’s Input • When and only When a Harmonic Is Present • No Harmonics = No Resonance Conrad P Koch Jr

  6. The Amplifier • Not The Amp We Use to “Amp Up” An Audience • Rather One Used To Pretty Up The Vocal … or the Viola (But not the Sousaphone) • or to Create Special Effect • Want Some More Vibratto? • Use the LFO to Modulate the Amp • The Amp is Voltage Controlled • Gain Therefore Rapidly Responds to Modulated Input Conrad P Koch Jr

  7. What’s Subtractive SynthesisNot Asked for but offered as a bonus to those who stuck with me so far! • We Can Create Synthetic Sound If We Add Together Using an Additive Synthesizer • Lots and Lots of Sine Waves • Over Lots and Lots of Frequencies\ • With Just the Right of Amplitude Changes • Tedious … Very Computer Intensive • It’s Much Easier to Remove Sound Using Subtractive Synthesis • An Oscillator Creates the Frequencies • Filters Remove or Enhance Sounds at Desired Frequencies • ADSR Modulates And Creates Proper Voicing Conrad P Koch Jr

  8. The Envelope Maker … ADSR • Attack Delay Sustain Release • Used to Modulate Filtered Sound Conrad P Koch Jr

  9. Examples Taken from Online Source • http://music.tutsplus.com/ Conrad P Koch Jr

  10. Attack and Delay • Slow Attack • Slowly Evolves to 100% Sustain Strings?? • Fast Attack • Fast Delay Snare Conrad P Koch Jr

  11. Sustain • Short Sustain Sustain is (Duration of Time) Where Volume is Kept at a Fixed Level • Long Sustain • Short Bursts • Violin Sustain Conrad P Koch Jr

  12. Release • Sustain to Zero in Practically No Time • Produces a Staccato Sound As In This Jazz Organ Clip Conrad P Koch Jr

  13. The LFO • Lonely Forgotten Oscillator • WHOOPS the Low Frequency Oscillator • Lo Connotes Below Audible Frequencies … Usually!!! • From 1 Hz to 100 Hz • If you want Vibratto in Elvis Presley’s Voice • Try a Little LFO to Modulate the Voltage Controlled Amplifier and on the Voltage Controlled Oscillator • If You Want Elvis to Sound Like Alice Cooper • Try a Little LFO to Modulate the Voltage Controlled Filters • Or play Around … Experiment • Give‘im a Surreal “Wah Wah Wah” Effect • The LFO is Never Heard • But Modulates with a Big Impact Conrad P Koch Jr

  14. Reflections • Synthesizers are Indeed Pretty Cool Tools • Loudon Was Right to Include it Rather than Mastering • I Found a Lot of Parallels To Electronic Systems’ Design • Filtering … Resonance … the “Q” of a Filter • Interesting Course of Study • I Want to Try Forming Synthetic Words Conrad P Koch Jr

  15. Thanks • Thanks For Reviewing • Thanks For Sticking With The Course • Thanks For Keeping your Mind Active • It helps prevent Al Zheimers from Dwelling there I’m told Feel Free to communicate cpkoch@syzygy-llc.com Conrad P Koch Jr

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