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Effect of Hydropriming and Sugar Metabolism on Germination of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Seeds

Effect of Hydropriming and Sugar Metabolism on Germination of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Seeds. Papassorn Wattanakulpakin. Division of Biochemical Technology School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand.

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Effect of Hydropriming and Sugar Metabolism on Germination of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Seeds

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  1. Effect of Hydropriming and Sugar Metabolism on Germination of Maize (Zeamays L.) Seeds PapassornWattanakulpakin Division of Biochemical Technology School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’sUniversity of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand Agricultural Extension’10

  2. Maize world’s consumption World’s production 767 million tons (FAO-STAT, 2007-2008) Bio-fuel Asia: increased meat consumption Feed demand 50% by 2030 Source: United Nations, OECD-FAO Agricultural Extension’10

  3. Maize production barriers -Climate stress: Water, heat, salt -Limited land • Technology input • Chemicals • Fertilizers • New variety targets High Seed quality Agricultural Extension’10

  4. Seed Quality Enhancements Hydropriming Increased germination Reduced emergence time Increased yield Tolerance • Maize (Harris, 2003; Murungu et al., 2004) Reduced emergence time Hydropriming Increased yield • Rice Tolerance (Farooq et al., 2009) 4 Agricultural Extension’10

  5. Priming technique Priming Stored food reserves digestion Respiration begins Growth 1. Imbibition 2. Re-drying Agricultural Extension’10

  6. The effect of priming Priming Increased seed vigour Priming conditions and seed species Decreased seed vigour

  7. Proper priming treatments Suitable Time and Temp. Biochemical reaction Lipid peroxidation Respiration Synthesis; Proteins, DNA,RNA Enhanced antioxidant Enzymes Non-enzymes Protein peroxidation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS); O2-, H2O2, OH- Repair; protein,DNA, RNA, membrane Membrane degradation DNA damage Increase in seed vigour

  8. Improper priming treatments Unsuitable Time and Temp. Biochemical reaction Lipid peroxidation Soluble carbohydrate High Respiration Synthesis; Proteins, DNA,RNA Protein peroxidation Enhanced antioxidant Enzymes Non-enzymes ROS O2-, H2O2, OH- Repair; protein,DNA, RNA, membrane Membrane degradation DNA damage Decrease in seed vigour

  9. Loss of membrane integrity Decrease in seed vigour RFOs is an important component of membrane H2O RFOs H2O hydrolysis High RH & Temp. Loss of RFOs Agricultural Extension’10

  10. Objectives 10 Agricultural Extension’10

  11. Materials & Method National Corn and Sorghum Research Center (NCSRC) Private Company (PC) Placed on distilled water surface for 6 – 18 h at 25C Dry at 40Cfor 24 h Measurement of seed quality, sugars and enzyme activity 11 Agricultural Extension’10

  12. Seed quality determination Germination test (ISTA, 2007) incubation for 7 day in germinator Seed vigour(ISTA, 2007) Accelerated Ageing test (AA-test) at 42C, 100%RH for 96 h 12 Agricultural Extension’10

  13. Seed quality determination Soluble carbohydrate - Glucose (Glu) - Sucrose (Suc) - Raffinose (Raf) Enzyme activity - Amylase - Invertase Spectrophotometer HPLC 13 Agricultural Extension’10

  14. Fig. 1 Germination of maize seeds by hydropriming for 6–18 h a a a b Germination (%) Hydropriming times (h) 14 Agricultural Extension’10

  15. Fig. 2 Germination after accelerated ageing (%GAA) of maize seeds by hydropriming for 6–18 h a a ab b a a a b GAA (%) Hydropriming is more effective to low seed vigour than high seed vigour PC High vigour Hydropriming times (h) 15 Agricultural Extension’10

  16. Table 1 Changes in soluble carbohydrate of maize seeds by hydropriming for 6-18 h 2-fold decrease 16

  17. Fig. 3 Changes in amylase and invertase activity of maize seeds by hydropriming for 6 - 18 h Amylase (mmol of glucose/min) Invertase (mmol of glucose/min) Hydropriming times (h) Hydropriming times (h) Increased amylase activity Increased respiration ROS Decrease in seed vigour 17 Agricultural Extension’10

  18. Hydropriming for 6-12 h enhances GAA Sugar metabolism NCSRC  repair of membranes reversed the lipid peroxidation Increase in seed vigour repair and build up of nucleic acids increased synthesis of proteins enhances antioxidants 18 Agricultural Extension’10

  19. Hydropriming for 18 h Amylose Respiration Amylase Raffinose Sucrose Invertase Glucose Sus ROS Loss of membrane stability Glucose+ amino group Maillardproduct Lipid DNA Protein Decrease in seed vigour 19 Agricultural Extension’10

  20. Conclusions In maize seeds Hydroprimingfor 6 & 12 h suggest to improved seed vigour 2. Hydropriming up to 18 h do not recommend 3. The reduction of primed seed quality mainly relate to loss of raffinose and increase in amylase activity The different seed performance by priming • seed species, seed quality and priming times 20

  21. Acknowledgements This research was supported by grant fund from the Commission of Higher Education, Thailand. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,Thailand. 21 Agricultural Extension’10

  22. Thank you for your attention! 22 Agricultural Extension’10

  23. Hypothesis Respiration Improper priming Proper priming Lipid peroxidation Synthesis; Proteins, DNA,RNA Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Membrane degradation Enhances antioxidants Enzymes Non-enzymes DNA, RNA damage Reversed lipid peroxidation Repair; damaged protein, DNA, RNA, membrane Protein peroxidation Deactivated enzymes High seed vigour Low seed vigour

  24. Conclusions Hydropriming….. Lower seeds vigour Lower seeds vigour The lower seed vigour was more sensitive to hydropriming than the higher seed vigour. 24 Agricultural Extension’10

  25. Conclusions The different seed performance by priming • - seed species • - seed quality • - priming conditions 25 Agricultural Extension’10

  26. Priming techniques Seed Quality Enhancements Hydropriming Matrixpriming Water Vermiculite, peat moss Osmopriming Easy & Low cost NaCl, KNO3, Manitol 26 Agricultural Extension’10

  27. Previous Research 27 Agricultural Extension’10

  28. Fig. 3 The changes of soluble carbohydrateof NCSRC seeds by hydropriming for 6–18 h NCSRC PC Soluble carbohydrate (mg/g DW) Hydropriming times (h) 28 Agricultural Extension’10

  29. Improper priming treatments Decrease in seed vigour Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -Lipid peroxidation -Protein peroxidation -DNAdamage Soluble carbohydrate -glucose, sucrose, raffinose • Maillard product 29 Agricultural Extension’10

  30. World’s production 817mt, 51219 hg/ht(FAO-STAT, 2009) • 70% used for animal feed Prod Yield 789 mt, 49637 hg/ht 2007 826 mt, 51284 hg/ht 2008 corn use for feed purposes is estimated at 472.71 million tonnes (61.3 per cent) whereas for food it is estimated at 277.51 million tonnes (36 per cent).

  31. Hydropriming for 6-12 h enhances GAA NCSRC  repair of membranes reversed the lipid peroxidation High seed vigour repair and build up of nucleic acids increased synthesis of proteins enhances antioxidants 31 Agricultural Extension’10

  32. Sorbitol CH2OH H C OH H OH C OH H C C H OH CH2OH Sucrose Glu+Fruc Raffinose Galactose+Sucrose 32

  33. repair of membranes activate metabolisms Priming treatment reversed the lipid peroxidation increased synthesis of proteins enhances antioxidants repair and build up of nucleic acids Proper priming treatments Increase in seed quality 33 Agricultural Extension’10

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