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Necropsy-examination of an animal after it has died

Necropsy-examination of an animal after it has died. Necropsy: Fun at the Beach. Terms. Pathology—study of disease Gross pathology—pathologic changes seen with naked eye Histopathology—clinical changes seen with a microscope Lesions—pathologic changes

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Necropsy-examination of an animal after it has died

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  1. Necropsy-examination of an animal after it has died

  2. Necropsy: Fun at the Beach

  3. Terms Pathology—study of disease • Gross pathology—pathologic changes seen with naked eye • Histopathology—clinical changes seen with a microscope • Lesions—pathologic changes • Pathogenesis—the sequence of events of the disease (dog was bitten → bacteria entered wound → elevated temperature → pus formed → etc)

  4. Reasons for Necropsy • Determine cause of death • Determine accuracy of clinical diagnosis • Evaluate effects of therapy • In herds, 1 or more animals may be sacrificed to determine the cause of disease or toxicity • Routine in pharmaceutical studies

  5. Preliminary Steps for Necropsy • Obtain owners permission; also determine if owner wants remains for burial, etc • Correctly identify animal (species, breed, sex, age, ID tags or tattoos) • Perform necropsy ASAP after death; if delayed, refrigerate animal to delay autolysis; DON’T FREEZE

  6. Necropsy Report • Location • Number of lesions • Color of abnormalities (dark red, black, etc) • Size of lesions (cm or weight) • Shape of lesion (round, flat, oval) • Distribution • Consistency (hard, soft, firm) • Odor (sweet, sour, ammonia) • Final Report tense should be consistent • Report should be as specific as possible without giving a final diagnosis unless a test for the Dx was performed (i.e. rabies)

  7. Necropsy: Facilities

  8. Necropsy: Protective Clothing • Plastic apron, lab coat, scrubs • latex or plastic disposable gloves • surgical mask if animal died from infectious disease spread by aerosolization • protective footwear

  9. Necropsy: Tools • Knives • Scissors • Tissue forceps • Bone-cutting tools (pruning shears, hacksaw)

  10. Toxicology Samples • blood (10-20 ml) • stomach contents and urine (50-100 ml) • blocks of liver, fat, kidney, and brain (5x5x10 cm; approx 200 g) • Samples

  11. Examine Exterior

  12. Necropsy facility: overhead hoist

  13. Horse necropsy: remove foreleg

  14. Horse necropsy: remove rib cage

  15. Horse necropsy: internal organs

  16. Horse necropsy: remove intestine

  17. Horse necropsy: lungs and heart

  18. Horse necropsy: heart

  19. Horse necropsy: head

  20. Necropsy Videos http://video.vet.cornell.edu/virtualvet/bovine/chapters1-4.html

  21. Esophagus Normal Food Ulcerations Bleeding

  22. Larynx normal necrosis ulceration

  23. Trachea normal necrosis ulceration

  24. Pericardial sac Click on picture to view video

  25. Lungs Normal Bronchopheumonia Normal lung tissue -pink -spongy Lung abscess -liquid/“cottage cheese” like appearance

  26. Airways and vessels Lung artery Lung airway

  27. Normal lung tissue

  28. Lung lesions Emphysema -pops like bubble-wrap Consolidation -heavy; solid (no air) Lung worms Lung adhesions to ribs Pneumonia- darker lesions are more severe Abscesses

  29. Heart: R ventricle

  30. Heart: R side opened

  31. Heart: L side

  32. Heart Lesions Septal defects—connection between R and L sides Necrotic lesions Valve lesions

  33. Liver lesions Liver abscesses Liver flukes Fatty liver Fractured liver—due to blunt trauma; (knife cuts smooth)

  34. PACKAGING

  35. Clean up

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