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Nuclear Reactions and Applications

Explore different types of radiation, such as fission and fusion, chain reactions, nuclear weapons, and the use of nuclear energy in power plants. Learn about isotopes, half-lives, and dating methods for elements like uranium-238 and radiocarbon.

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Nuclear Reactions and Applications

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  1. Plan • Radyasyon Tipleri • Yarı ömür • Fisyon (Çekirdek Parçalanması) • Füzyon (Çekirdek Kaynaşması) • Zincir Reaksiyon • Nükleer Silahlar

  2. A X Z ataneciği proton nötron elektron Proton Sayısı , , 1H 1p 0b 0e , 1 1 +1 1n 0e +1 A 0b 0 -1 -1 Z 4a 4He , 2 2 Temel Parçaçıklar Kütle Numarası Beta (pozitron) 1 1 0 0 4 1 0 -1 +1 2

  3. 14N + 1n 14C + 1H 0 7 6 1 14C 14N + 0b + n 6 7 -1 238U 206Pb + 8 4a + 6 0b 92 82 2 -1 Determining Half Lives and Dating Uranium-238 Dating t½ = 4.51 x 109 years Radiocarbon Dating t½ = 5730 years

  4. Fisyon OlayıAtom BombasıNükleer Santraller

  5. Ne kadar enerji elde ediyoruz? • 1 g 235U= 9x107 kj • 1 g kömür= 34 kj • 1g TNT= 2,8 kj

  6. Chain Reaction

  7. Nuclear Fission Schematic diagram of a nuclear fission reactor

  8. The first atom bomb test at the Trinity site in Alamogordo, New Mexico

  9. nuclear bomb crater at nevada

  10. Little Boy-Hiroşimaya atıldı Fat Man-Nagazakiye atıldı Nagazaki Semaları

  11. Füzyon OlayıHidrojen Bombası

  12. Nükleer Füzyon Energy 2H + 3H 4He + 1n + 1 1 2 0 Güneş ve Yıldızlarda meydana gelir

  13. 2H + 2H 3H + 1H 1 1 1 1 2H + 3H 4He + 1n 2 1 0 1 6Li + 2H 2 4He 2 3 1 Fusion Reaction Energy Released 6.3 x 10-13 J 2.8 x 10-12 J 3.6 x 10-12 J • Second generation stars • From products of supernova of first generation star • Our sun –fusion starting with H • Heavier elements on planets!! Fusion reactions in stars • First generation stars • From products of Big Bang • Protons, electrons and residual neutrons • Fusion up to Fe • Supernova

  14. Peki Füzyon Olayı Nükleer Santralde Kullanılıyor mu?

  15. China First nuclear test: 1964 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 43 (22 underground) India First nuclear test: 1974 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 7 Pakistan First nuclear test: 1998 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 6 Israel No Nuclear Tests 150-350 estimated nuclear weapons North Korea No Nuclear Tests 5-15 estimated nuclear weapons United States First nuclear test: 1945 Most recent nuclear test: 1992 Total tests: 1,030 (815 underground) Russia First nuclear test: 1949 Most recent nuclear test: 1990 Total tests: 715 (496 underground) United KingdomFirst nuclear test: 1952 Most recent nuclear test: 1991 Total tests: 45 (24 underground) France First nuclear test: 1960 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 210 (160 underground)

  16. Chernobyl Kazası

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