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Kentucky Space Balloon Mission: Telemetry and Sensor Overview

Learn to build, launch, and track balloons for scientific measurements in near space. Detailed system overview and specifications for sensors, cameras, flight software, and telemetry. Mission goals, equipment details, and data processing explained.

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Kentucky Space Balloon Mission: Telemetry and Sensor Overview

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  1. Kentucky Space Near Space Balloon-1 10 July 2008 http://www.kentuckyspace.com

  2. Presentation Overview Introduction and Environment Telemetry Sensor Package Continuous Wave Beacon Flight Software Camera Package Airframe Ground Support Mass and Power Budgets Remaining Schedule S. Rawashdeh J. Bratcher J. Smathers S. Rawashdeh T. Clements J. Delgado T. Clements S. Rawashdeh J. Bratcher

  3. Introduction and Environment Samir Rawashdeh

  4. Learn to build, launch and track balloons Test technologies for future missions Perform Scientific Measurements versus altitude of characteristics of the stratosphere Temperature Gradient Air pressure Gradient Earth magnetic Field Strength Gather High Resolution Images Training the new Kentucky Space Design Build Team students on relevant technologies and design processes Mission Goals

  5. Expected Environment • 2,000 – 100,000 feet • -40 – 20 Degrees Celsius • Near Vacuum • 4 Hour Mission Duration • ~1,000 ft/min Ascent • ~1,500 ft/min Descent

  6. Projected Flight Profile

  7. System Overview • APRS Tracking • Sensor Pack • Digital Cameras • Continuous Wave Beacon

  8. Telemetry Sensor Package Jason Bratcher

  9. System Block Diagram

  10. Batteries • Energizer AA L91 Lithium Batteries • Nominal Voltage: 1.5V • Two parallel 6 battery strings • Diode Protected • Total Capacity: 6Ah

  11. Magnetic Compass • Honeywell HMR3300 • Measuring Magnetic Flux Density • +/- 2 Gauss • 0.1 milli-Gauss Resolution • Continuous Wave Beacon • Magnetic field at Equator ~ 0.3 Gauss

  12. Pressure Sensor • Honeywell MPX4250 Absolute Pressure Sensor • Temperature Compensated Over -40° to 125°C • Pressure Range: 20 to 250 kPa • (1 Atmosphere = ~100 kPa)‏ • Sensitivity: 20 mV/kPa

  13. Temperature Sensor • LM335 • Temperature Min -40 deg C • Temperature Max 100 deg C • Sensitivity: 10 mV/Deg K

  14. GPS • Trimble Copernicus Module • -160 dBm tracking sensitivity • 120 mW continuous tracking • Active Antenna • 3 second hot start • 2 second reacquisition

  15. APRS Tracker • Byonics Micro Trak 300 • 300 mW VHF APRS Transmitter • TinyTrak 3 Controller

  16. APRS System Link Budget

  17. Command & Data Handling

  18. Electrical Power System

  19. VHF Radio & GPS

  20. Temperature & Pressure

  21. SD Card & Magnetometer

  22. Continuous Wave Beacon Jason Smathers

  23. CW Beacon • Transmits call sign, pressure, battery voltage, and temperature in Morse code • Uses off the shelf beacon keying circuit combined with a UHF transmitter • Powered by redundant 9V batteries • Serves as a redundant system

  24. Beacon Keyer • Pre-programmed • PIC 505 Micro controller • 4 ADC inputs 0-5V • Pressure Sensor • MPX4250AP • Output .5V-1.8V • Lowest Pressure 20 kPa • Temperature Sensor • 10 mV/K

  25. Transmitter Q-Kits TX433 433 MHz UHF AM Modulation 10 mW Output 3 – 12V Power Supply

  26. CW Beacon Format • All Data Ranges from 0 – 255 • Represents 0 – 5V 8-bit ADC Reading • 15 Seconds of un-modulated carrier between beacons

  27. Beacon Link Budget

  28. Flight Software Samir Rawashdeh

  29. Flight Software Overview • TI-MSP430 16-bit microcontroller • CrossWorks IDE, C Language • Leverages KySat-1 and Kentucky Space Space Express code base • Logs Mission Telemetry • Mission Time • Magnetometer • Temperature • Pressure

  30. System Block Diagram

  31. Log File • T:00001107 (Mission Time hundredths of a second)‏ • C1:00002951 (CPU Temperature)‏ • C2:00001431 (External Temperature)‏ • P:00002783 (Ambient Pressure)‏ • M:-850,403,-1222 (Magnetic Field 0.1 milli-gauss)‏

  32. Post Flight Data Processing • Recovery of Files from SD Cards • MATLAB Script • Parse Log File • Plot temperatures, pressure, and magnetic field versus time and altitude • Imaging & Analysis of Data

  33. Camera Package Twyman Clements

  34. High Altitude Earth Image

  35. High-Resolution Imager Canon A570IS Can take photos at multiple resolutions: 3072 x 2304 (7.1MP) 1600 x 1200 Price: ~$174 Has documented flight heritage with CHDK firmware add-on.

  36. 3072 x 2304 Image Photo size: ~3MB 2000MB (SD card) / 3MB = 667 photos 4 hours (est. flight time) = 240 min 240 min / 667 photos = 1 photo / 22 s

  37. 1600 x 1200 Image Photo size: ~0.32MB 2000MB / 0.32MB = 6250 photos 4 hours = 240 min 240 min / 6250 photos = 1 photo / 2.3 s

  38. Imager Design 2 Cameras One mounted Nadir (toward Earth) One mounted +X (toward horizon) Highest Resolution 3072 x 2304 (7.1MP) Pictures every 30 seconds

  39. CHDK Script Reset Set aperture to wide angle Set camera focus to manual: infinity Set JPEG compression to superfine Turn off display to save battery life Set camera to take a photo every 30 seconds

  40. Thermal Testing Thermal test (-30°C, 130 minutes) successfully conducted July 3rd 2008 on both flight cameras Imaged captured approximately every 30 seconds Minor deviation in timing observed

  41. Test Pictures Normal picture Checking up Fog Pictures

  42. Airframe Design Jessamyn Delgado

  43. Airframe Integration

  44. Airframe Materials Polystyrene Shell Provides thermal resistance from outer surface, structural rigidity, and shock resistance. Foam rubber landing bag To protect our instrumentation from impact from below. Outer abrasion jacket Rip-stop Nylon cover keeps circuits dry and provides a means for attaching link lines. Small cell bubble wrap

  45. Final Tasks Testing Freeze Test on Hot Glue Shock testing on stitching Run through of launch site checklist Integration Install components on slide out board Install batteries and run lines Mount Antennas Install mechanism for side camera attachment.

  46. Ground Support and Logistics Twyman Clements

  47. Logistics Three tracking devices Bill Brown’s APRS Tracker Radio Beacon Kentucky Space APRS Tracker Tracking Configuration Launch Site Team Chase Car Team 1 Chase Car Team 2

  48. Ground Communications Launching and landing sites will have APRS and beacon systems. Chase cars will have APRS system. All locations will have mobile radios for communication between all teams.

  49. APRS Software Using WinAPRS GPS transmitted from payload to Kenwood radio, packets sent to WinAPRS software. Software includes detailed maps, roads, and GPS coordinates for determining position.

  50. Beacon Tracking Kenwood THD7A radio and hand held Yagi. Laptop running CwGet and Sony Soundforge. Spectran spectral analysis software.

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