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GPS & Space Weather: Understanding the Vulnerabilities & Building Resilience Dr. Genene Fisher

GPS & Space Weather: Understanding the Vulnerabilities & Building Resilience Dr. Genene Fisher NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center genene.fisher@noaa.gov Space Weather Workshop 2011. GPS/GNSS - a Component of the Global Critical Information Infrastructure. Satellite Operations.

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GPS & Space Weather: Understanding the Vulnerabilities & Building Resilience Dr. Genene Fisher

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  1. GPS & Space Weather: Understanding the Vulnerabilities & Building Resilience Dr. Genene Fisher NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center genene.fisher@noaa.gov Space Weather Workshop 2011

  2. GPS/GNSS - a Component of the Global Critical Information Infrastructure Satellite Operations Aviation Surveying & Mapping Precision Agriculture Communications Power Grids Disease Control Trucking & Shipping Personal Navigation Fishing & Boating Oil Exploration

  3. Extent of GPS Dependencies K. VanDyke, DOT

  4. So what’s the connection between GPS & SWx? • SWx is the largest contributor to single-frequency GPS errors & a significant factor for differential GPS Primary SWx impacts on GPS include range errors and loss of signal reception P. Kintner

  5. Space Weather Effects on GPS P. Kintner 2. Scintillation Results in GPS signal scattering and possible loss of signal 3. Solar Radio Noise 1. TEC-Induced Signal Delays Results in background noise over GPS frequencies and degrades signal Results in changes in speed & direction of GPS signal

  6. U.S. Policies relevant to GPS • In 2000, Selective Availability (intentional degradation of accuracy of single-freq GPS position) turned off • DOT Volpe Center’s report on the Vulnerability of GPS identified ionosphere as largest error source • U.S. PNT policy requires providing uninterrupted access to space-based PNT services • National Space Policy: invest in activities to detect, mitigate, & increase resiliency to harmful interference to GPS

  7. “Should-Be” PNT Architecture Graphic (2025) N E W S Environment Spectrum Geo-political Demographics Navwar Technological Fiscal Interference Weather Pseudolites Foreign GNSS Celestial Space Comm & Nav Arch Foreign Regional Nav GPS Aiding Data & Ranging Signals Interchangeable Solutions SATCOM Pseudolites & Beacons Synergy of PNT and Communications Multiple Phenomenologies Star Trackers EMI EMI Cell Phone Networks Ground Based Radio Freq Wireless Networks Evolved GNSS Augmentation Autonomous Tracking Commercial Augmentations Sensors & Sensor Aiding Clocks Networks Geospatial Data PNT User Equipment User Interface Orgs Inertial PNT signal monitoring Cooperative Organizational Structures Pseudolites & Beacons Beacons ENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTURE Cryptography Reference Frames Science & Technology NIST NGA Standards USNO NGS NSA Star Catalogs Launch Industrial Base Mapping/Charting/Geodesy Testing Laser Ranging Network Policies Electro Optical Info. Modeling

  8. Policy Issues Given it is well understood that space weather can have a major impact on the GPS system… • What are the vulnerabilities of GPS applications & services to space weather? • How can models and forecasting be improved for the GPS industry & users? • How can the application of the use of space weather information be improved? • How can we build resiliency of the GPS system to space weather?

  9. AMS Policy Workshop • Oct 2010, 2 days, Washington DC • Policy makers, scientists, GPS industry • Discussion Sessions • Vulnerability of GPS technologies & services to SWx • How this vulnerability affects users of GPS • Policies to build resilience and mitigate risk • Discussion of overarching findings & recommendations • Actions & next steps

  10. Some interesting points by DHS A/S ArifAlikhan • How do you manage risk of disruption on a key system like GPS? • We can’t rely on our experience since society continues to develop more and more complex technology • Need stories/anecdotes to move forward • Constraints are what we know—need to figure out and predict what we don’t know

  11. Recommendations: Understand Vulnerability • Develop a threat assessment • Define & quantify user vulnerability for different user segments & systems

  12. Recommendations: Science & Engineering • Conduct further research on SW and effects • Develop and maintain observational capabilities • Understand user requirements & develop better products Coster et al

  13. Recommendations: Policy (1) • Strengthen integrity and robustness of system • Complete GPS modernization • Ensure back up systems • Develop better SWx predictions • Setting standards for satellites & receivers • Examine through all-hazards lens

  14. IRNSS GALILEO COMPASS QZSS GPS GLONASS Recommendations: Policy (2) • Investment in research • Attention to research to operations • Public-private partnerships • International collaboration • Education/outreach

  15. Future Actions • AMS distributing report to appropriate stakeholders & decision makers in science, GPS, & policy communities • Capitol Hill Briefing • Follow-on community meetings • ION session September 2011, Portland OR • Future meetings on space weather user needs

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