Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade

1. The next decade presents NP with a historic opportunity to build on this legacy in developing the “new Standard Model” The value of our contribution will be broadly recognized outside the field Nuclear physics studies of ns & fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Solar ns & the neutrino revolution Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, APS April, 2007

2. Community Input • Pre-Town Meetings: Santa Fe Nov 2006 (~ 50 participants) Caltech Dec 2006 (~ 50 participants) • DNP Town Meeting Chicago Jan 2007 (~ 370 participants) • White paper (merging two) Substantial work by the organizing committee

3. Primary Recommendation: New Standard Model Initiative

4. Scientific Questions, Achievements & Challenges

5. What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? 0nbb decay, q13, b decay,… • Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, 0nbb, q13 … • What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, gm-2,… Tribble report Primary Scientific Questions

6. Scientific Achievements • Discovery of flavor oscillations in solar neutrinos; Solution of the solar neutrino problem; 1300+ citations • Discovery of flavor oscillations in reactor neutrinos; Identification of LMA solution; over 1000 citations • World’s most precise measurement of (gm-2) Possible first indications of supersymmetry; over 1000 citations • Most precise measurement of sin2qW off the Z0 resonance using PV Moller scattering; constrains new physics at the TeV scale (Z’, RPV SUSY…)

7. Scientific Achievements • Definitive test of large Dm2 oscillations by MiniBoone experiment (April 2007! ) • Definitive determinations of strange quark contributions to nucleon EM form factors using PV electron-proton & electron-nucleus scattering; confirmed theoretical estimates of hadronic effects in electroweak radiative corrections • Quark-lepton universality tested to 0.05% using superallowed nuclear b-decay, yielding most precise value of any CKM matrix element (Vud) 2006 Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics recognizing work of Towner & Hardy

8. Scientific Achievements • Completion of a comprehensive set of computations of supersymmetric effects in low-energy electroweak observables; 2005 Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics to A. Kurylov • Reduction in the theoretical hadronic uncertainty in extraction of Vud from neutron and nuclear b-decay • New theoretical breakthroughs in simulating neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae; modeling n flavor transformation effects nucleosynthesis with SN’s; understanding weak interaction effects in SN shock dynamics

9. Scientific Achievements • 2007 Bonner Prize (S.J. Freedman*) and Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics (K. Milknaitis) for experimental work in neutrinos • Four Bonner Prizes (Bowman, McDonald, Hardy/Towner, Freedman ) • Three Dissertation Awards (Heeger, Kurylov, Miknaitis) * Also weak decays

10. Technological Achievements & Investments b-decay:Neutrino Mass KATRIN, NexTex, MARE… Total Lepton Number & Neutrino Mass Term 0nbb-decay Majorana CUORE EXO GERDA

11. Technological Achievements & Investments Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at SNS 1.4 MW , 1 GeV H- beam on L Hg Also new capabilities at LANSCE, NIST… Muon storage ring at BNL ISAAC, RIBF…. CEBAF 12 GeV Up-grade

12. Technological Achievements & Investments DUSEL Multi-purpose Facility Site selection process proceeding at NSF

13. Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Large Hadron Collider Ultra cold neutrons CERN Particle, nuclear & atomic physics High energy physics Challenges: What role can low energy studies play in the LHC era ? (and beyond!)

14. Scientific Opportunities • Major Discovery Potential: 0nbb-decay & EDM • Precision measurements Neutrino mixing & hierarchy Weak decays, PVES, gm-2 • Electroweak probes of QCD PVES, Hadronic PV, nN scatt…

15. “Known Unknowns” Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) The Origin of Matter & Energy Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis? “New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ? ?

16. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Long baseline b-decay ? ? 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana

17. QCD QCD QCD EDMs: New CPV? Improvements of 102 to 103 Electron Neutron Neutral Atoms Deuteron

18. dn similar Theory progress & challenge: refined computations of baryon asymmetry & EDMs baryogenesis LHC reach LHC reach ILC reach LEP II excl Present de Present de Present de Prospective de Prospective de Prospective de Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders

19. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

20. Daya Bay nSNS site • protons 60 m Mini Boone SNS Hall Precision Neutrino Property Studies Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV Long baseline oscillation studies: CPV? Normal or Inverted ?

21. EM vs. n luminosity: MNSP unitarity? Solar model? High energy solar ns DM + EWB Ice Cube KamLAND Borexino SNO+ LENS Precision Neutrino Property Studies Solar Neutrinos

22. Correlations SUSY models Vud from neutron decay: LANSCE, SNS, NIST Similarly unique probes of new physics in muon and pion decay TRIUMF & PSI CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E SUSY SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA? Weak decays & new physics

23. JLab Future SLAC Moller Z0 pole tension Parity-violating electron scattering Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Weak Mixing in the Standard Model

24. RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana n s SUSY Loops d QWP, SUSY / QWP, SM d QWe, SUSY / QWe, SM gm-2 12 GeV 6 GeV E158 Probing SUSY with PV Electron Scattering

25. p g Z m m Had VP Had LbL QED Weak SUSY Loops SM Loops Future goal Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment

26. New Standard Model Initiative A Road Map • A robust neutrino program: DUSEL (+ exp) & immediate 0nbb • An EDM program: nEDM (SNS), atomic, 2H R&D • Precision Electroweak: PVES, b-decay, gm-2 • Supernova simulation & observation • Cross-disciplinary research support: q13 , DM, CLV • Theory: focus on problems & junior theorists

27. Equivalent to a major new initiative: • “New Standard Model Initiative” (NSMI) • ~ $750m over 10+ years (~$185m non DUSEL) • One major new facility (DUSEL) • Targeted program at other facilities • Benefits to NP: • Make NP a major player in era of historic discovery potential; we can help write the textbook on the new SM • Builds on substantial achievements since 2002 LRP & development of strong groups • Attractive to junior scientists • Economy of resources & synergy with other NP facilities Resources & Benefits

28. Resources

29. Non DUSEL: $184m Total: $748m 1 ton 0nbb DUSEL Const: $250m Project Funding for Neutrinos and Fundamental Symmetries