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Chapter #16

Chapter #16. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. I. The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity. *Variety of living things is called biological diversity . -Diversity of life is explained through evolutionary theory – collection of scientific facts, observations, & hypotheses.

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Chapter #16

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  1. Chapter #16 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

  2. I. The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity *Variety of living things is called biological diversity. -Diversity of life is explained through evolutionary theory – collection of scientific facts, observations, & hypotheses. Evolution – change over time; process by which modern organisms have descended From ancient organisms. *Evolution is only a theory – a well supported testable explanation of phenomena in the natural world.

  3. A. Voyage of the Beagle Charles Darwin – English scientist who contributed greatly to the understanding of evolution. -In 1831 Darwin set sail on a voyage around the world aboard the H.M.S Beagle. -During his travels, Darwin made observations & collected evidence (plant/animal samples) that led to his proposal/hypothesis about the way life changes over time, the theory of evolution.

  4. Voyage of the H.M.S Beagle

  5. B. Darwin’s Observations Patterns of Plants – Darwin found that similar types of plants (grasslands) were in both Argentina & Australia, however, the animals that lived there were different. But why? -He also noticed that the plants/animals were well-suited for their environments.

  6. B. Darwin’s Observations Living Organisms & Fossils – Darwin collected living & preserved specimens of plants/animals in his journeys. Fossils – the preserved remains of ancient organisms. The Galapagos Islands – small group of islands with great climate, plant, & animal variation that influenced Darwin the most.

  7. B. Darwin’s Observations Variation – the differences between Individual members of a population, ex : hair color, diet,height, teeth. -Variation can be biochemical, ex : blood type & hormones. *Can be inherited through : 1. Mutation – change in the sequence of a gene, good or bad. 2. Recombination – passing of new combinations of genes to offspring through sexual reproduction. *Is the cause of most variations. -Darwin noticed the biggest differences between the islands’ turtles, iguanas, and birds. -Darwin noticed that the beaks of many birds were different even though they were all finches on the same islands.

  8. C. The Journey Home *During the journey home Darwin studied his many samples & concluded that the characteristics of many animals & plants varied noticeable more among the different islands of the Galapagos. -His observations led him to believe that the animals living on the islands had once belonged to the same species, became isolated from each other, & then changed.

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