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Hypertension

Hypertension. Maria O. Lens, RN, PHN, MSN, FNP-BC. What is hypertension? Measured in mmHG There are two readings (Systolic and Diastolic) It is considered hypertension when one or both readings are higher than normal (120/80 mmHg).

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Hypertension

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  1. Hypertension Maria O. Lens, RN, PHN, MSN, FNP-BC

  2. What is hypertension? • Measured in mmHG • There are two readings (Systolic and Diastolic) • It is considered hypertension when one or both readings are higher than normal (120/80 mmHg)

  3. Diagnosed as hypertension when in two separate visits the blood pressure is higher than normal (120/80 mmHG) • Systolic pressure is high if higher than 140, ideal to be 120 or lower • Diastolic pressure is high if greater than 80, ideal to be lower than 80 • Now if BP is slightly elevated 120-139/80-89, it is considered as pre-hypertension

  4. Causes • Water and salt intake • Kidneys • Blood vessels • Nervous system • Age

  5. Risk Factors • Ethnicity (African-American) • Diabetes • Obesity • Smoke • Stress • Increase Sodium in diet • Family history

  6. Other Causes • Alcohol abuse • Arthrosclerosis • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Adrenal tumors (hormonal) • Medications (OCP, Corticosteriods, appetite suppressants)

  7. Symptoms • Ear ringing/buzzing • Fatigue • Headaches • Irregular heartbeat • Nose Bleeds • Vision Changes

  8. Tests • Yearly physical Exams • Urinalysis • Electrocardiograms

  9. Treatments • Beta blockers • Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors • Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) • Alpha blockers • Calcium channel blockers • Diuretics • Vasodialators

  10. Prevention • Low Sodium diet • Low fat diet • Exercise regularly • Reduce stress • Maintain body weight • Avoid smoking • High fiber foods (fruits and vegetables)

  11. References • Kaplan NM. Systemic Hypertension: Therapy. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 41. • Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Rockville, Md. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US Department of Health and Human Services; August 2004. National Institutes of Health Publication No. 04-5230. • Wolff T, Miller T. Evidence for the reaffirmation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on screening for high blood pressure. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:787-791. [

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